Performance of structural glass facades under extreme loads – Design methods, existing research, current issues and trends

Bedon, Chiara; Zhang, Xihong; Santos, Filipe Amarante dos; Honfí, Dániel; Kozłowski, Marcin; Арригони, М.; Figuli, Lucia; Lange, David

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.153

Cited by 158 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Typical applications can be found in the form of curtain walls, innovative "adaptive" facades or even load-bearing members (beams, columns), shear walls intended to contribute to the structural performance of the building they belong to or complex stand-alone systems (see for example Figure 1 and [1,2]). Given the intrinsic mechanical features of glass in buildings (and its combination with other constructional materials), dedicated design methods are required for ordinary loads, and even more to withstand extreme events like earthquakes [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Issues in the Seismic Design of Secondary Frameless Glass Structures

Bedon

Amadio

Noè

2019

Safety

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Glass is largely used in buildings, in the form of an innovative and versatile material. Both for novel and existing constructions, secondary glass systems are frequently realized to interact with primary components of different materials. In most cases, the structural challenge deriving from the intrinsic brittleness and vulnerability of glass is efficiently controlled via laminated (LG) multi-layer sections. However, further potential risks for people should be properly minimized, like for example, in the presence of extreme loads. This is the case of seismic regions, where dedicated calculation methods are required to accommodate displacement and resistance demands, but design specifications are rarely provided by existing standards for earthquake resistant buildings. Even more attention is needed for frameless glass systems in which the bracing members (i.e., continuous frames, cable-nets, etc.,) are reduced to a minimum, in favour of metal point connections (i.e., bolts and mechanical fixings, friction clamps, etc.). This paper aims at discussing the current design requirements for the seismic performance assessment of these relatively simple but challenging structural solutions, with careful consideration for the Italian scenario, where a practical support for design can be found in the CNR-DT 210/2013 technical document. Based on a case-study system, major issues, open questions and uncertainties or critical aspects for the seismic analysis and design of secondary frameless glass assemblies are thus emphasized.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Issues in the Seismic Design of Secondary Frameless Glass Structures

Bedon

Amadio

Noè

2019

Safety

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“…Internal crater measurements were obtained for different angles of attack. Moreover, there are a few other interesting studies connected with a general overview of glass window systems under a variety of extreme loads. These studies deal not only with the general description of the challenging tasks of glass behavior but also present the current issues and design methodologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental measurement of the bullet trajectory after perforation of a chambered window

Sielicki

Pludra

Przybylski

2019

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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The assessment of the failure and final response for glass structures loaded by highspeed events such as blast or projectile loading are challenging tasks for researchers.For many studies, knowledge about the strain rate effect in brittle materials and well described finite element simulations are not enough to reach a correct outcome. For that reason, only experimental assessments can give credible results. Moreover, the impacting glass fragments or projectiles often change the angle of the trajectory after perforation of a target. In this study, the authors present the change in the 3000 J military bullet trajectory after total penetration of a two-chambered civil engineering facade window. A series of actual tests were performed for different angles of the soda-lime float glass specimen that were subjected to bullet impact. The results obtained chambered windows given an understanding of the behavior of the separate glass surfaces under such complex scenarios. Furthermore, the presented tests support the designers and military shooters by the assessment methodology of projectile bullet trajectory change as a function of the incident angle. K E Y W O R D S bullet, experiment, glass failure, glass safety, projectile trajectory 442 | SIELICKI Et aL. How to cite this article: Sielicki PW, Pludra A, Przybylski M. Experimental measurement of the bullet trajectory after perforation of a chambered window. Int J Appl Glass Sci. 2019;10:441-448. https ://doi.

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“…Moreover, Sivanerupan et al [5] performed a series of full-scale tests and numerical analyses of a typical point fixed glass façade system under dynamic loading conditions and concluded that the failure of the glass occurs at a top drift of 2.1 %. The state of the art related to performance of glass facades under extreme loads is presented by Bedon et al [6] concluding that specific fail-safe design criteria need to be established, especially due to the brittle nature of glass as a construction material. Van Lancker et al [7] investigated the use of adhesive glass-metal as an alternative to bolted connections in structural formations and Bues et al [8] studied experimentally the effect of various geometries and loading conditions on the capacity of adhesive glass-metal joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of Façade and Floor Glazing Systems

Tsalkatidis

Moastuen

2019

IJET

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The use of point-supported systems in glass façades and floors has become widespread due to their excellent structural properties. The combination of glass and metal, frequently found in modern architectural norms and expressions, has highlighted the role of such systems and the need for constant optimization of their design. This research paper aims to examine the influence of modifying several geometrical parameters such as the thickness and the weight of the structural spider connectors, the arm-core ratio of the spider, the thickness of the glass panel and the spider arm cavities on the structural performance of a spider connector produced by one of the market-leading manufacturers. Therefore, a parametric finite element analysis is performed, where four alternative versions of the spider are constructed, in addition to the reference version, using ANSYS software program. The numerical model of the reference spider is verified against experimental data from the manufacturer of the structural spider connector. A total number of twelve case studies that consist of different combinations of spiders and glass’ thickness are examined, five for the façade and seven for the floor glazing system. The focus of the numerical investigation is placed on the spider itself and the results of the parametric finite element analysis are presented and discussed. The effectiveness of having core cavities and hollowed-out arms in spiders is proven. The use of stronger but heavier spiders is an acceptable alternative if they are connected to larger glass panels that results in reducing the number of spiders without increasing significantly the total weight of the glazing system.

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Performance of structural glass facades under extreme loads – Design methods, existing research, current issues and trends

Cited by 158 publications

References 86 publications

Safety Issues in the Seismic Design of Secondary Frameless Glass Structures

Safety Issues in the Seismic Design of Secondary Frameless Glass Structures

Experimental measurement of the bullet trajectory after perforation of a chambered window

Numerical Investigation of Façade and Floor Glazing Systems

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Performance of structural glass facades under extreme loads – Design methods, existing research, current issues and trends

Cited by 158 publications

References 86 publications

Safety Issues in the Seismic Design of Secondary Frameless Glass Structures

Safety Issues in the Seismic Design of Secondary Frameless Glass Structures

Experimental measurement of the bullet trajectory after perforation of a chambered window

Numerical Investigation of Fa&ccedil;ade and Floor Glazing Systems

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Product

Resources

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Numerical Investigation of Façade and Floor Glazing Systems