Performance of system consisting of vertical flow trickling filter and horizontal flow multi-soil-layering reactor for treatment of rural wastewater

Experimental Study on Maize Cob Trickling Filter-Based Wastewater Treatment System: Design, Development, and Performance Evaluation

“…In addition, the TSS and TDS was found to be about 80 mg/L to 111 mg/L and 590 mg/L to 698 mg/L, respectively. Therefore, the average WW composition indicates that it could be classified as medium type municipal sewage [14,28]. Furthermore, average BOD 5 /COD was more than 0.80, which indicates that the system didn't require any kind of acclimatized biomass for initial startup [33,38].…”

“…Effective media plays a key role in the development of microbial community/biofilm. Several biofilm support media have been used to increase the performance of a trickling filter, such as rocks/plastic [14], a nylon pot scrubber [18], commercial rings (e.g., crushed leca, kaldnes, and Norton), calcitic gravel [15][16], luffa cylindrical [19], geotextile [20], pall rings [21], polyurethane foam pores [22], coal cinder [23], tire-derived drubber [24], oyster shell [25], corrugated plastic sheet [26], stone [27], gravel and zeolite [28], sponge [29], zeolite and ceramsite [30], polypropylene plastic [31], biochar chips [32], and ceramic particles [33]. These are either costly or not easily available by small landholder farmers.…”

“…Most of these materials (e.g., plastic, geotextiles, commercial rings, polyurethane foam, tire-derived rubber, sponge, biochar chips, and ceramics) are being prepared synthetically and cannot work without introducing specific seeding/ acclimatization of the microbial community. It would eventually increase operational costs of the treatment system [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Moreover, technically trained human power is required to operate the treatment systems and also not easily available by the small landholder farmers.…”

Identification and Elucidation of the Designing and Operational Issues of Trickling Filter Systems for Wastewater Treatment

“…Neutralized the toxic shock load by using a TF system in series; this technique will save the biofilm growth Dilute the toxic shock load by increasing the recirculation rate [13,[110][111] production will also increase [100]. The moisture content of the media bed is a key element for maintaining TF performance because of a bacterium's required optimal moisture to perform their metabolic activity [101].…”

“…Storm events and industrial discharge also are identified as two main factors of shock loads in TF operations as inflow increases the HLR to the plant [110]. The high loading rate consequently forces the slime layer to slough off the filter media.…”