Performance testing of a green plasticizer based on lactic acid for PVC

Liu, Tao; Jiang, Pingping; Liu, Hongliang; Li, Mengtian; Yuming, Dong; Wang, Ranming; Wang, Yunjie

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.05.012

Cited by 55 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The special interest is focused on the effective, environment and human health friendly plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride), which is connected with the toxicity of the commonly used phthalate-based plasticizers [14]. In accordance to the literature several bio-based plasticizers for PVC processing are still proposed, for example castor oil based polyol esters [15], epoxidized glycidyl ester of ricinoleic acetic ester [16], acetylated lactic acid 1,4-cyclohexanedimethyl ester [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Polyurethane Glycolysate on the Structure and Properties of Natural Rubber/Carbon Black Composites

2019

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In this work the use of polyurethane chemical recycling product (i.e. glycolysis of polyurethane waste realized with the mass excess of polymer) as a plasticizer for natural rubber-based composites was proposed. The effect of plasticizer type (napthenic oil and polyurethane foam glycolysate) and amount (2, 4, 6 or 8 parts per 100 parts of natural rubber) on the processing properties of rubber mixtures and chemical structure, swelling, mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of natural rubber/carbon black composites was investigated. The effect of applied plasticizer was studied in the context of accelerated thermal aging (thermo-oxidative aging) which was applied for the prepared natural rubber-based composites. The obtained results confirm that the polyurethane foam glycolysate can be successfully used as a plasticizer for the preparation of natural rubber composites. Moreover, it was found that glycolysate acts as a vulcanization accelerator and reduces decreasing of mechanical properties during the accelerated thermal aging.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Polyurethane Glycolysate on the Structure and Properties of Natural Rubber/Carbon Black Composites

2019

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“…Most of the plasticizers present as phthalate esters which are petroleum-based products such as dioctyl phthalate DOP and di-isodecylphthalate DIDP 2 . Due to the instability of phthalate esters in the polymer chain and the migration feature from polymer matrix, they are recognized as toxic compounds and could have a negative effect on human reproduction system 3,4 As a result of these impacts and risks, the European Union EU considered the DOP as a reprotoxic compound and obligated to find a safer alternative, particularly for those used in medical apparatus and tools 5 . Additional action was raised from France, which developed a law that prohibited the usage of DOP in medical equipment s in all hospitals 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-continuous Production of 2-Ethyl Hexyl Ester in a Packed Bed Reactor: Optimization and Economic Evaluation

Hosney

Mustafa

2020

J. Oleo Sci.

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The aim of this work was to investigate the technical as well as the economic feasibility of producing 2-ethyl hexyl oleate (2-EHO), a non-phthalate plasticizer in a solvent free medium. The esterification reaction between oleic acid and 2-ethyl hexyl alcohol was carried out in a packed bed reactor (PBR) using Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435; Novozymes; Copenhagen-Denmark) as biocatalyst. RSM was employed to optimize the esterification reaction conditions. The optimum reaction conditions were found to be flow rate of 1.5 mL/min, No. of cycles of 12 and molar ratio of 4:1 2-ethyl hexanol to oleic acid. The maximum experimental and predicated conversions were found to be 95.8% and 95.61% respectively. Formation of 2-EHO was approved by FTIR, 1 HNMR and 13 CNMR. From the economic prospective, PBR was capable of producing 2-EHO with a purity of more than 94% over 480 h without remarkable reduction of enzyme activity. This revealed an economic production of 2-EHO at a yield of 2 tons kg-1 lipase. The manufacturing cost was found to be $ 1.88 /kg 2-EHO, this contributed to a profit of about 30% compared to the commercial price of 2-EHO. Such results approve the technical and economic feasibility for this sustainable method in esters production.

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“…Over the past decade, polyvinylchloride has been one of the most popular thermoplastics and widely used. [1] The C-Cl dipole bond makes PVC hard and brittle, [2] requiring the addition of plasticizers to enhance PVC characteristics. [3,4] The plasticizers can be classified as internal and external.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phthalate esters-petroleum based products are the most commonly used plasticizer family. [2,7] However, most plasticizers are not chemically bonded with the PVC polymer chains, so they will leach from products into surrounding media. [2,8] Most of phthalate plasticizers are wellknown to be toxic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The epoxidized linseed oil as a secondary plasticizer in PVC processing

Thuy,

Duc

2020

Vietnam Journal of Chemistry

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By replacing the 10 php (parts per hundred polyvinylchloride) DOP plasticizer with the epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) in polyvinylchloride (PVC) processing, a slight increase in tensile properties was observed. The water, 30 wt.% acetic acid, 10 wt.% KOH solution, sunflower oil and n‐hexane were used as media to evaluate the leaching characteristic. The sample weight increased slightly after soaking in water, 30 wt.% acetic solution and decreased slightly in 10 wt.% KOH solution, reduced sharply and strongly in sunflower oil and n‐hexane. The presence of ELO has shown an improvement in migration, volatilization characteristics and thermal property of PVC. The positive effect of ELO as a secondary plasticizer was most evident after 72 hours of soaking in n‐hexane because the shore A hardness of ELO plasticized PVC sample increased by 12 % while PVC sample without ELO was blistered and its shore A hardness could not be measured. The scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of fractured surface the samples after immersing in n‐hexane.

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Performance testing of a green plasticizer based on lactic acid for PVC

Cited by 55 publications

References 28 publications

The Effect of Polyurethane Glycolysate on the Structure and Properties of Natural Rubber/Carbon Black Composites

The Effect of Polyurethane Glycolysate on the Structure and Properties of Natural Rubber/Carbon Black Composites

Semi-continuous Production of 2-Ethyl Hexyl Ester in a Packed Bed Reactor: Optimization and Economic Evaluation

The epoxidized linseed oil as a secondary plasticizer in PVC processing

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