Peridomestic Lyme Disease Prevention

Connally, Neeta P.; Durante, Amanda J.; Yousey-Hindes, Kimberly; Meek, James; Nelson, Randall; Heimer, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.026

Cited by 129 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Protective measures can include the avoidance of areas with high numbers of ticks, wearing protective clothing, the use of tick repellents and acaricides, checking for the presence of ticks and changing the landscape in, or nearby, residential areas to make it less habitable for ticks 129 . These measures have been associated with a decreased risk of infection in some studies 130 , but not in others 131 . Landscaping practices and the application of synthetic acaricides can substantially reduce the abundance of ticks, but might not reduce the incidence of Lyme borreliosis, which shows that the remaining ticks can still transmit the bacteria 129 .…”

Section: Diagnosis Screening and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lyme borreliosis

Steere

Strle

Wormser

et al. 2016

Nat Rev Dis Primers

645

697

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Lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne disease that predominantly occurs in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere and is primarily caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi in North America and Borrelia afzelii or Borrelia garinii in Europe and Asia. Infection usually begins with an expanding skin lesion, known as erythema migrans (referred to as stage 1), which, if untreated, can be followed by early disseminated infection, particularly neurological abnormalities (stage 2), and by late infection, especially arthritis in North America or acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans in Europe (stage 3). However, the disease can present with any of these manifestations. During infection, the bacteria migrate through the host tissues, adhere to certain cells and can evade immune clearance. Yet, these organisms are eventually killed by both innate and adaptive immune responses and most inflammatory manifestations of the infection resolve. Except for patients with erythema migrans, Lyme borreliosis is diagnosed based on a characteristic clinical constellation of signs and symptoms with serological confirmation of infection. All manifestations of the infection can usually be treated with appropriate antibiotic regimens, but the disease can be followed by post-infectious sequelae in some patients. Prevention of Lyme borreliosis primarily involves the avoidance of tick bites by personal protective measures.

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Section: Diagnosis Screening and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lyme borreliosis

Steere

Strle

Wormser

et al. 2016

Nat Rev Dis Primers

645

697

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“…43-44 A search for ticks should be carried out and the ticks removed as soon as possible. 44-45 Embedded ticks are best removed by use of tweezers to grasp the mouth parts without squeezing the body of the tick.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Babesiosis

Vannier¹,

Diuk‐Wasser²,

Mamoun³

et al. 2015

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

286

345

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Summary Babesiosis is a worldwide tick-borne zoonosis caused by hemoprotozoan parasites of the genus Babesia. Babesia microti is the main etiologic agent of human babesiosis and is endemic in the northeastern and the upper Midwestern United States. The geographic expansion of babesiosis has followed that of Lyme disease, but has remained more restricted. The emergence of human babesiosis poses a serious health threat in highly endemic areas. Fever is the salient feature of babesiosis and often is accompanied by a series of non-specific symptoms, explaining why diagnosis may be delayed or missed. The diagnosis is confirmed by identification of babesia organisms on Giemsa stained blood smears, detection of babesia DNA by PCR, or a four-fold rise in anti-babesia antibody titers in acute and convalescent sera. The disease may be severe or fatal, particularly in patients who are otherwise healthy but older than 50 years of age, and in patients who are immunocompromised regardless of age. Most patients have complete recovery following a standard 7 to 10 day course of antimicrobial therapy.

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“…Using a mirror, or having someone assist for hard-to-see areas, might be helpful. Bathing soon after spending recreational time or working in tick-infested habitats also can be an effective method of locating attached or crawling ticks and has been shown to be an important personal protective measure for other tickborne diseases (307). Several hours might elapse before ticks attach and transmit pathogens; therefore, timely tick checks increase the likelihood of finding and removing ticks before they can transmit an infectious agent.…”

Section: Regular Tick Checks On Humans and Petsmentioning

confidence: 99%