Perilaku Penorehan Ranggah Pada Tumbuhan Oleh Rusa Bawean (Axis Kuhlii)

Abstract

[12/12, 02:23] Wulida Khoirunnisa🌻: Nyetrika Flashcard Pindah file ke fd dari komputer Buat salad Mentai rice Packing [12/12, 02:24] Wulida Khoirunnisa🌻: Beres2 kamar jahit [12/12, 03:24] Wulida Khoirunnisa🌻: Kirim jnt [12/12, 06:50] Wulida Khoirunnisa🌻: *~Nyetrika~* ~Flashcard~ Pindah file ke fd dari komputer Buat salad Mentai rice ~Packing~ [12/12, 06:50] Wulida Khoirunnisa🌻: ~Beres2 kamar jahit~ [12/23, 12:12] Wulida Khoirunnisa🌻: The behavior of antler rubbing in the Cervidae family during the period of hard antlers is related to the territorial marking and reproductive activity. Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii) is one of the rarest animals in Indonesia and endemic to Bawean Island. The knowledge of their biology in the natural habitat is scarce. The objective of this study is to understand on their behavior, particularly the stags during their hard antlers period by observing their rubbing activities on the plantations in their natural habitat. Data collections were conducted in four sites, from June 1996 to October 1996, through monthly visit. Transects with the length of 900 to 2000 m and width of 100 m were established. Observation took place every 100 m along the transect in both sides on the area of 25m2. the name of local plants which were rub was noted, the length and width of the rubbing marks on the plants and the diameter of the plant were measured. The result showed there were 22 species (in which 7 were unidentified) of plants being rub by the deer. The highest intensity is on Macu (15 percent) followed by Ngos-ngosan and Sentol (11 percent each). Number of death plants due to rubbing activity was very low (less than 1 percent). Mean of the plants diameter being rub was 19.1 mm, with the length and total area being rub were 19.1 mm and 6521 mm2, respectively. From this study it can be concluded that stags rub the plants during their hard antlers period on the bushy type category. The rutting season for Bawean stags in their habitat was estimated between May to November.

Population size, distribution and status of the remote and Critically Endangered Bawean deer Axis kuhlii

“…Both methods estimated the highest density in the dry season, as previously reported (Blouch & Atmosoedirdjo, 1978), which supports the hypothesis that there is less movement in the wet season. The size of the Bawean deer population was estimated to be 242 individuals by the faecal pellet count method and 416 by random encounter modelling, which, compared to the previous estimate (250–300, by faecal pellet count; Semiadi, 2004), suggests stability.…”

“…1). Based on the classification of Smith and Ferguson, its climate is categorized as type C (Semiadi, 2004). Rainfall is abundant during the north-west monsoon, from the end of October until April, and reaches c. 2,500 mm on the southern coast.…”

“…Rainfall is abundant during the north-west monsoon, from the end of October until April, and reaches c. 2,500 mm on the southern coast. Temperature is almost uniform throughout the year, with mean maximum and minimum temperatures of 32 and 22°C, respectively (Semiadi, 2004). The study area encompasses 46.6 km 2 of the Bawean Island Nature Reserve and Wildlife Sanctuary, which is characterized by steep topography (with slopes > 60°) and a wide altitudinal gradient (up to 630 m).…”

“…A mosaic of closed and open forest as well as permanently dry and seasonally flooded habitat types occur in the study area, including gallery forest, semi-deciduous forest with understorey, shrub and grassland, and teak Tectona grandis plantations (60% of the area), which are all globally threatened by deforestation and climate change. The remaining natural forests are confined to the steep sides and tops of the higher hills and mountains, often occurring as islands surrounded by teak (Semiadi, 2004).

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“…Several methods have previously been used to study population trends and distribution in this species: faecal sampling (Blouch & Atmosoedirdjo, 1978; Blouch, 1980; LIPI & IPB, 1999; Semiadi, 2004; BBKSDA East Java, 2009), footprint (UGM & BBKSDA East Java, 2003) and call counts (BBKSDA East Java, 2009), and camera trap surveys (UGM & BBKSDA East Java, 2004). The latter study, in which 10 camera traps were installed at seven locations (Lang Pelem river, Lampeci river, Tambelang river, Mt Tinggi, Angsana block, Tanjung Putri block and Tanjung Cina) during 20 days, recorded no evidence of the Bawean deer, although this may be attributable to the short duration of the study and the placement of cameras in unsuitable locations.…”