Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A increases in the adulthood of the offspring the susceptibility to the human parasite Toxocara canis

Río-Araiza, Víctor Hugo Del; Palacios-Arreola, Margarita Isabel; Nava-Castro, Karen Elizabeth; Pérez-Sánchez, Nashla Yazmín; Ruiz-Manzano, Rocío Alejandra; Segovia-Mendoza, Mariana; Girón-Pérez, Manuel Iván; Navidad-Murrieta, Migdalia Sarahy; Morales‐Montor, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109381

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Finally, the production of specific anti-T. canis antibodies is lower in females as opposed to males (Figure 6). Different studies have shown that T. canis infection generates the production of specific IgG antibodies against the parasite [18,49,50], but so far, the production of antibodies anti-T. canis between males and females has not been analyzed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Sexual Dimorphism During Acute Infection by Toxocara canis: A Novel Approach for an Old Infection

Río-Araiza¹,

Alcalá-Canto²,

Garay-Canales³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Toxocara canis is a helminth parasite with importance in public and veterinary health. Although different studies have evaluated the immune response, to date there are no studies where it is analyzed from the point of view of sexual dimorphism. At 7 days of infection, female rats had a higher number of larvae in the liver, while male rats had them in the lungs. The percentages of immune cells were evaluated, and in most cases, no significant differences were observed. Regarding the cytokines production, infection can generate a decrease in Th1 such as IL-1β in both sexes and IL-6 only in females. In the case of Th2, IL-4 increases only in infected males and IL-5 increases in males and decreases in females due to the effect of infection. IL-10 also decreases in both sexes as a consequence of the infection and TGF-β only in females. Finally, the infection generates the production of antibody against the parasite, however, their quantity is lower in females. Thus, this study demonstrates that Toxocara canis infection is dimorphic and affects females more than males. This is due to a polarization of the inadequate immune response, which is reflected as a higher parasite load in this sex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Sexual Dimorphism During Acute Infection by Toxocara canis: A Novel Approach for an Old Infection

Río-Araiza¹,

Alcalá-Canto²,

Garay-Canales³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In addition, MPs and DEHP also alter the composition of gut microbiota, with the relative abundance of some energy metabolism and immune function-related bacteria dramatically changing (Deng et al, 2020) [ 37 ]. Moreover, an exposure to plastic additives (e.g., BPA) impairs the immune response in adults by altering the synthesis of cytokines and antibodies by these cells, making them more susceptible to infections, particularly toxocariasis [ 63 ]. Table 4 shows the summary of the effects of MPs exposure on the immune system during the early developmental stage.…”

Section: Potential Risks Of Mps Exposure During the Early Development...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Microplastics during Early Developmental Stage: Review of Current Evidence

Amran

Zaid²,

Mokhtar³

et al. 2022

Toxics

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In the last few decades, microplastics (MPs) have been among the emerging environmental pollutants that have received serious attention from scientists and the general population due to their wide range of potentially harmful effects on living organisms. MPs may originate from primary sources (micro-sized plastics manufactured on purpose) and secondary sources (breakdown of large plastic items through physical, chemical, and biological processes). Consequently, serious concerns are escalating because MPs can be easily disseminated and contaminate environments, including terrestrial, air, groundwater, marine, and freshwater systems. Furthermore, an exposure to even low doses of MPs during the early developmental stage may induce long-term health effects, even later in life. Accordingly, this study aims to gather the current evidence regarding the effects of MPs exposure on vital body systems, including the digestive, reproductive, central nervous, immune, and circulatory systems, during the early developmental stage. In addition, this study provides essential information about the possible emergence of various diseases later in life (i.e., adulthood).

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“…There are many experimental data to show that perinatal exposure to BPA affects the activation, proliferation, and development of T lymphocytes within the spleen. 25,26 BPA-induced immunotoxicity involving various mechanisms, including the interaction with a variety of receptors (e.g., estrogen receptors, AhR, and PPARγ), epigenetic modifications, and acting on cell signaling pathways (e.g., mTOR, JAK/STAT, and TLRs). 27 BPA can promoted the production of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators via the activation of NF-κB and JAK-STAT3 pathways in macrophages.…”

Section: Effects Of Bpa Exposure On Splenic Ahr and Autophagy Signali...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mammalian target of rapamycin and aryl hydrocarbon receptor‐mediating autophagy signaling on the balance of Th17/Treg cells during perinatal bisphenol A exposure in female offspring mice

Gao

Luo

et al. 2022

Environmental Toxicology

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Bisphenol A (BPA)'s immunotoxic properties have received increasing interest, which can lead to immune dysfunction and related disease development. However, the mechanism is not completely clear. A growing body of evidence suggests that autophagy has important roles in innate immunity, inflammatory response, and adaptive immunity. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and autophagy in Treg/Th17 imbalance induced by perinatal BPA exposure. Our results showed that the number of Th17 cells in the spleen of offspring female mice significantly increased, while the number of Treg cells decreased significantly, which was consistent with the expression levels of up‐regulation of RORγt protein and a down‐regulation Foxp3 protein. The levels of mTOR, p‐mTOR, P62, and AhR protein expression increased, and LC3 protein decreased in spleen. However, in the thymus, we found that RORγt and Foxp3 proteins changed most significantly in the low‐dose BPA group, and the same as p‐mTOR and P62 protein levels. We conjectured that the potential mechanism of the imbalance of Th17/Treg upon perinatal exposure to BPA was probably associated with autophagy dysfunction. Proper autophagy plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the thymic and spleen immune system.

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Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A increases in the adulthood of the offspring the susceptibility to the human parasite Toxocara canis

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Immune Sexual Dimorphism During Acute Infection by Toxocara canis: A Novel Approach for an Old Infection

Immune Sexual Dimorphism During Acute Infection by Toxocara canis: A Novel Approach for an Old Infection

Exposure to Microplastics during Early Developmental Stage: Review of Current Evidence

Effects of mammalian target of rapamycin and aryl hydrocarbon receptor‐mediating autophagy signaling on the balance of Th17/Treg cells during perinatal bisphenol A exposure in female offspring mice

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