Periodontal disease in cats

Perry, Rachel; Tutt, Cedric

doi:10.1177/1098612x14560099

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The persistence of HIV infection and periodontitis in patients on cART indicates that ancillary treatments that are specifically directed at restoring the normal oral microbiota in conjunction with cART may improve HIV periodontal progression and decrease systemic immune activation [ 229 , 245 , 246 , 247 ]. Feline dental disease is currently managed by comprehensive dental treatment consisting of hand and ultrasonic scaling, identical to techniques that are used in humans [ 248 , 249 ]. Probiotic supplementation has been successful in early studies as an adjuvant for treating periodontitis in people, and similar commercial oral probiotics products are available for the management of feline oral conditions [ 250 , 251 , 252 ].…”

Section: Fiv As a Model To Study Hiv Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of the FIV Model to Study HIV Pathogenesis

Miller

Abdo

Ericsson

et al. 2018

Viruses

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Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a naturally-occurring retrovirus that infects domestic and non-domestic feline species, producing progressive immune depletion that results in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Much has been learned about FIV since it was first described in 1987, particularly in regard to its application as a model to study the closely related lentivirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In particular, FIV and HIV share remarkable structure and sequence organization, utilize parallel modes of receptor-mediated entry, and result in a similar spectrum of immunodeficiency-related diseases due to analogous modes of immune dysfunction. This review summarizes current knowledge of FIV infection kinetics and the mechanisms of immune dysfunction in relation to opportunistic disease, specifically in regard to studying HIV pathogenesis. Furthermore, we present data that highlight changes in the oral microbiota and oral immune system during FIV infection, and outline the potential for the feline model of oral AIDS manifestations to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms of HIV-induced oral disease. Finally, we discuss advances in molecular biology, vaccine development, neurologic dysfunction, and the ability to apply pharmacologic interventions and sophisticated imaging technologies to study experimental and naturally occurring FIV, which provide an excellent, but often overlooked, resource for advancing therapies and the management of HIV/AIDS.

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Section: Fiv As a Model To Study Hiv Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of the FIV Model to Study HIV Pathogenesis

Miller

Abdo

Ericsson

et al. 2018

Viruses

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“…This research observed that the six cats with gingivitis were retrovirus-seronegative, which suggests that this type of lesion may be related to other causes (Perry & Tutt 2015, Möstl et al 2013. Of the 22 cats (51.16%) presenting periodontitis, six were seropositive for FIV and two for FIV and FeLV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Initially, it affects the gingiva (gingivitis) and then other tissues, including the cementum-periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone (periodontitis) (Logan 2006, Perry & Tutt 2015. FCG is a chronic oral disease characterized by ulcerative and/or proliferative lesions beginning in the mucogingival junction (Perry & Tutt 2015). In this study, of the 43 cats with oral lesions, 28 (65.1%) presented solely PD, one (2.32%) had solely FCG, and 14 (32.5%) showed PD and FCG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammatory oral disease in cats is a complex and multifactorial condition consisting primarily of local or widespread inflammation in the oral cavity (Kornya et al 2014). The main oral diseases observed in felines are periodontal disease (PD) (Clarke & Cameron 1998, Perry & Tutt 2015, which corresponds to 13.9% of all diagnoses for this species (O'Neill et al 2014), and feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCG), which accounts for approximately 72% of the odontological diagnoses (Frost & Williams 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PD is mainly caused by Gram-positive aerobic bacteria, although other risk factors are associated with the prevalence and severity of periodontal lesions (Logan 2006, Perry & Tutt 2015. Other causes acknowledged in the PD and FCG etiology include dental calculus deposits, an unbalanced diet -including lack of dry foods (Studer & Stapley 1973, Watson 1994, Clarke & Cameron 1998, Logan 2006, and immunological factors (Tenorio et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral lesions and retroviruses in shelter cats

et al. 2019

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Oral lesions are common problems in feline medicine worldwide, and may be associated with different causes, such as infectious agents. There are only a few studies reporting the chief oral diseases and the results for retrovirus tests in shelter cats in Brazil, especially in the South region. This study aimed to identify the main inflammatory oral lesions in shelter cats and verify the test results for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections. Forty-three felines from private shelters in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) that presented clinically evident oral lesions, regardless of age, breed, sex, and neuter status, were used in this survey. Serological tests for FIV and FeLV were performed in all cats, and data regarding the rearing system were collected. Sixteen cats (37.2%) were reared in a free system, whereas 27 (62.8%) were kept under a restrict system. Of the 43 cats with oral lesions, 29 (67.44%) presented only one type of lesion, characterized as periodontitis (n=22, 51.16%), followed by gingivitis (n=6, 13.95%), and stomatitis (n=1, 2.32%). Concomitant stomatitis and periodontitis were found in the 14 remaining cats (100%). With respect to the test results for retrovirus infections, nine (20.93%) of the 43 felines were positive for FIV alone. Co-infection with both viruses was observed in seven cats (16.28%). No cat was seropositive for FeLV valone. None of the six cats that presented gingivitis was positive for FIV and FeLV; one cat with stomatitis was positive for FIV and FeLV; of the 22 cats with periodontitis, six (27.27%) were FIV positive and two (9.09%) were FIV/FeLV positive; and of the 14 cats that presented stomatitis and periodontitis, three (21.43%) were FIV positive and four (28.57%) were FIV/FeLV positive. As for diagnosis, 28 cats (65.1%) presented solely periodontal disease (PD), one cat (2.32%) had feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCG) alone, and 14 (32.5%) had both PD and FCG. The results obtained show that the main oral lesions found in shelter cats in the central region of RS were gingivitis, stomatitis, and periodontitis. Periodontitis, in association or not with stomatitis, was the most frequently observed oral cavity lesion in FIV- and/or FeLV-positive cats. Other factors may contribute to installation of inflammatory oral diseases in shelter cats because most cats with oral cavity lesions tested negative for retrovirus infections.

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Diagnostic Imaging of Diseases of the Skull

Holmes¹

2020

Feline Diagnostic Imaging

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Periodontal disease in cats

Abstract: The authors have drawn upon, wherever possible, an evidence base relating strictly to the feline patient. Where there is a lack of published research, evidence from canine and human studies is assessed.

Cited by 46 publications

References 77 publications

Applications of the FIV Model to Study HIV Pathogenesis

Applications of the FIV Model to Study HIV Pathogenesis

Oral lesions and retroviruses in shelter cats

Diagnostic Imaging of Diseases of the Skull

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