Periodontal ligament stem cell-based bioactive constructs for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Objectives: Stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches are promising for bone repair and regeneration. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are a promising cell source for tissue engineering, especially for maxillofacial bone and periodontal regeneration. Many studies have shown potent results via PDLSCs in bone regeneration. In this review, we describe recent cutting-edge researches on PDLSC-based bone regeneration and periodontal tissue regeneration.Data and sources: An extensive search of the literature for papers related to PDLSCs-based bioactive constructs for bone tissue engineering was made on the databases of PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. The papers were selected by three independent calibrated reviewers.Results: Multiple types of materials and scaffolds have been combined with PDLSCs, involving xeno genic bone graft, calcium phosphate materials and polymers. These PDLSC-based constructs exhibit the potential for bone and periodontal tissue regeneration. In addition, various osteo inductive agents and strategies have been applied with PDLSCs, including drugs, biologics, gene therapy, physical stimulation, scaffold modification, cell sheets and co-culture.Conclusoin: This review article demonstrates the great potential of PDLSCs-based bioactive constructs as a promising approach for bone and periodontal tissue regeneration.

Cyclic stretch induced epigenetic activation of periodontal ligament cells

“…Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells have emerged as invaluable cell sources for probing ligament regenerative mechanisms and cell biology [ [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] ]. Occupying a unique mechanical niche subjected to forces during mastication and swallowing, PDL cells likely harbor specialized tensional responsiveness [ [26] , [27] , [28] ].…”

A Review of Novel Strategies for Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Ex Vivo Expansion: Are They an Evidence-Based Promise for Regenerative Periodontal Therapy?

“…Recently, significant advances have been made in the field of hPDLSC-based therapy. From their discovery, various attempts to induce periodontal regeneration have been made by combining hPDLSCs with scaffolds or membranes and with signaling molecules [26,27]. Cell-sheet technologies have also been developed via approaches that can involve or not the use of scaffolds aimed at supporting cell attachment, proliferation and 3D tissue organization [28,29].…”

Effects of sEV derived from SHED and DPSC on the proliferation, migration and osteogenesis of PDLSC

“…Osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs is an important event in the repair of alveolar bone defects in periodontitis [ 7 ]. A large number of studies have shown that PDLSCs can be used to treat periodontal bone defects [ 8 ]. However, their source and osteogenesis ability are limited, and the safety of stem cell therapy largely restricts their clinical application [ 9 ].…”