Periorbital Soft Tissue Anthropometric Analysis of Young Adults

Özdemir, Turan; Can, Fatma Ezgi; Işiklar, Sefa; Ercan, İlker; Cankur, N. Şimşek

doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000003558

Cited by 7 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Aksu et al 51 found this distance as 48.31 AE 4.44 mm in males and 51.35 AE 3.38 mm in females shorter than other studies. In addition to Ozdemir et al, 1 Gudek and Uzun 50 and Vasanthakumar et al 43 stated that, as in this study, males were found to have statistically higher values than females. However, unlike other studies, Aksu et al 51 reported that this distance is statistically higher in females.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Craniofacial Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults: Outer Canthal, Inner Canthal, Palpebral Fissure, and Interpupillary Distances

Bahşi¹,

Orhan²,

Kervancıoğlu³

et al. 2020

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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This study aims to examine the values of the orbital region in Turkish young adults by the two-dimensional photogrammetry. Anthropometric measurements of the eye and eyelid-related parameters were taken from 100 female and 100 male volunteer Turkish young adults, ranging in age from 18 to 25 years. Endocanthion (en), exocanthion (ex), and pupil ( p) were identified on the photograph and the distances between these points were measured with the ImageJ program. The average values of the en-en, ex-en (R), ex-en (L), p-p, and ex-ex were found as 32.92

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Craniofacial Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults: Outer Canthal, Inner Canthal, Palpebral Fissure, and Interpupillary Distances

Bahşi¹,

Orhan²,

Kervancıoğlu³

et al. 2020

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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“…1). These cohorts included African (n = 15), 1,16–26 Asian (n = 22), 1,6,19,24,27–41 White (n = 37), 1,16,24,33,34,38,42–52 Hispanic (n = 6), 53–55 Middle Eastern (n = 21), 1,9,10,42,56–67 and Southeast Asian (n = 17) 1,33,37,68–77‚78 participants. The majority (n = 52/67, 77.6%) of studies strictly included participants between the ages of 16 and 40, with a homogeneous distribution between men (49.8%) and women (50.2%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding the Classic Facial Canons: Quantifying Intercanthal Distance in a Diverse Patient Population

Bouhadana

Gornitsky

Saleh

et al. 2022

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background: The intercanthal distance (ICD) is central to our perception of facial proportions, and it varies according to gender and ethnicity. Current standardized reference values do not reflect the diversity among patients. Therefore, the authors sought to provide an evidence-based and gender/ethnicity-specific reference when evaluating patients’ ICD. Methods: As per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, Medline, and Embase was carried out for studies reporting on the ICD. Demographics, study characteristics, and ICDs were extracted from included studies. ICD values were then pooled for each ethnicity and stratified by gender. The difference between men and women, and that across ethnicities and measurement types were compared by means of independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA (SPSS v.24). Results: A total of 67 studies accounting for 22,638 patients and 118 ethnic cohorts were included in this pooled analysis. The most reported ethnicities were Middle Eastern (n = 6629) and Asian (n = 5473). ICD values (mm) in decreasing order were: African 38.5 ± 3.2, Asian 36.4 ± 1.6, Southeast Asian 32.8 ± 2.0, Hispanic 32.3 ± 2.0, White 31.4 ± 2.5, and Middle Eastern 31.2 ± 1.5. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) existed between all ethnic cohorts, between genders among most cohorts, and between most values stratified by measurement type. Conclusions: Our standards of craniofacial anthropometry must evolve from the neoclassical canons using White values as references. The values provided in this review can aid surgeons in appreciating the gender- and ethnic-specific differences in the ICD of their patients.

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“…Although there are many studies in the literature on anthropometric measurements related to the face in Turkey, there are a limited number of anthropometric studies on the periocular region in the Turkish population in the current literature. [23][24][25] This study provides detailed information for both genders in the 10 to 25 years age range in Turkey and demonstrates the developmental changes that occur in the periocular region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric Periocular Soft Tissue Analysis From Preadolescence to Young Adulthood: Photogrammetric Measurements

Özdemir

Gölpınar

Nahir

et al. 2022

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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: The periocular region has a central role in the prediction of ethnicity, understanding emotional expression, age, and sex. The aim of this study was to determine the sex-related growth changes in the periocular region of Turkish preadolescents, adolescents, and young adults. The study included a total of 234 individuals (preadolescents: 34 females and 40 males; adolescents: 40 females, 40 males, and young adults: 40 males and 40 females). A total of 7 periocular parameters (3 bilateral, 3 unilateral linear, and 1 angular measurement) were analyzed statistically to determine sex-related differences. The palpebral fissure and canthal indexes were also calculated. Of the 14 periocular measurements, 9 were found to be sexually dimorphic in certain age groups (P < 0.05). Right-left palpebral fissure width and left palpebral fissure height were significantly different between young adult males and females (P = 0.018, P = 0.013, and P = 0.027, respectively). A significant sexual dimorphism was observed for outercanthal distance and canthal index in 3 age groups (P < 0.05). The data collected in this study may serve as a sex-dependent database source for the Turkish population during normal growth from preadolescence to young adulthood. The present study results would be useful for planning and designing aesthetic and post-traumatic surgical interventions in the periocular region as well as personal identification in this population.

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Periorbital Soft Tissue Anthropometric Analysis of Young Adults

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Craniofacial Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults: Outer Canthal, Inner Canthal, Palpebral Fissure, and Interpupillary Distances

Craniofacial Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults: Outer Canthal, Inner Canthal, Palpebral Fissure, and Interpupillary Distances

Expanding the Classic Facial Canons: Quantifying Intercanthal Distance in a Diverse Patient Population

Anthropometric Periocular Soft Tissue Analysis From Preadolescence to Young Adulthood: Photogrammetric Measurements

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