Peripheral blood monocytes show increased osteoclast differentiation potential compared to bone marrow monocytes

Kylmäoja, Elina; Nakamura, Miho; Turunen, Sanna; Patlaka, Christina; Andersson, Göran; Lehenkari, Petri; Tuukkanen, Juha

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00780

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…TGF-β is a component of dairy milk exosomes [14] and has been shown to promote the differentiation of blood monocytes into osteoclasts [240]. Addition of TGF-β and dexamethasone to peripheral blood (PB) monocytes led to higher number of nuclei in multinuclear cells and increased expression of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) 5a and 5b, CR and NFATc1 in PBderived osteoclasts depicting the higher osteoclastogenic potential and responsiveness to TGF-β and dexamethasone in PB monocytes [244].…”

Section: Bone Remodeling Osteoporosis and Fracture Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases

Melnik

Schmitz

2019

J Transl Med

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Milk consumption is a hallmark of western diet. According to common believes, milk consumption has beneficial effects for human health. Pasteurization of cow's milk protects thermolabile vitamins and other organic compounds including bioactive and bioavailable exosomes and extracellular vesicles in the range of 40-120 nm, which are pivotal mediators of cell communication via systemic transfer of specific micro-ribonucleic acids, mRNAs and regulatory proteins such as transforming growth factor-β. There is compelling evidence that human and bovine milk exosomes play a crucial role for adequate metabolic and immunological programming of the newborn infant at the beginning of extrauterine life. Milk exosomes assist in executing an anabolic, growth-promoting and immunological program confined to the postnatal period in all mammals. However, epidemiological and translational evidence presented in this review indicates that continuous exposure of humans to exosomes of pasteurized milk may confer a substantial risk for the development of chronic diseases of civilization including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, common cancers (prostate, breast, liver, B-cells) as well as Parkinson's disease. Exosomes of pasteurized milk may represent new pathogens that should not reach the human food chain.

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Section: Bone Remodeling Osteoporosis and Fracture Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases

Melnik

Schmitz

2019

J Transl Med

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“…Human monocytes use energy, mostly in the form of ATP, for housekeeping functions such as cation transport and the generation of macromolecules as well as for a variety of specific tasks. These tasks include transendothelial migration, phagocytosis ( 1 , 2 ), presentation of antigens ( 3 ), differentiation into macrophages, dendritic cells ( 4 ) and osteoclasts ( 5 ), synthesis and secretion of cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) ( 2 ), and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) ( 6 ). The correct execution of these tasks necessitates sufficient supply of energy and intermediates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of IL-6 and Phagocytosis Are the Most Resilient Immune Functions in Metabolically Compromised Human Monocytes

et al. 2021

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At sites of inflammation, monocytes carry out specific immune functions while facing challenging metabolic restrictions. Here, we investigated the potential of human monocytes to adapt to conditions of gradually inhibited oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) under glucose free conditions. We used myxothiazol, an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, to adjust two different levels of decreased mitochondrial ATP production. At these levels, and compared to uninhibited OXPHOS, we assessed phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through NADPH oxidase (NOX), expression of surface activation markers CD16, CD80, CD11b, HLA-DR, and production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in human monocytes. We found phagocytosis and the production of IL-6 to be least sensitive to metabolic restrictions while surface expression of CD11b, HLA-DR, production of TNF-α, IL-1β and production of ROS through NOX were most compromised by inhibition of OXPHOS in the absence of glucose. Our data demonstrate a short-term hierarchy of immune functions in human monocytes, which represents novel knowledge potentially leading to the development of new therapeutics in monocyte-mediated inflammatory diseases.

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“…In short: Spleen cells contain many cells, among others mononuclear cells. A part of the mononuclear cell population consists of monocytes which are currently regarded as 'the' OC precursors (75,76). Monocytes can differentiate into macrophages or fuse together into OCs, depending on the biochemical cues received.…”

Section: Osteoclastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoblast-osteoclast co-cultures: a systematic review and map of available literature

Remmers

Wildt

Vis

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Drug research with animal models is expensive, time-consuming and translation to clinical trials is often poor, resulting in a desire to replace, reduce, and refine the use of animal models. One approach to replace and reduce the use of animal models in research is using in vitro cell-culture models. To study bone physiology, bone diseases and drugs, many studies have been published using osteoblast-osteoclast co-cultures. The use of osteoblast-osteoclast co-cultures is usually not clearly mentioned in the title and abstract, making it difficult to identify these studies without a systematic search and thorough review. As a result, researchers are all developing their own methods from the ground up, leading to conceptually similar studies with many methodological differences and, as a direct consequence, incomparable results. The aim of this study was to systematically review existing osteoblast-osteoclast co-culture studies published up to 6 January 2020, and to give an overview of their methods, predetermined outcome measures (formation and resorption, and ALP and TRAP quantification as surrogate markers for formation and resorption, respectively), and other useful parameters for analysis. Information regarding these outcome measures was extracted and collected in a database, and each study was further evaluated on whether both the osteoblasts and osteoclasts were analyzed using relevant outcome measures. From these studies, additional details on methods, cells and culture conditions were extracted into a second database to allow searching on more characteristics. The two databases presented in this publication provide an unprecedented amount of information on cells, culture conditions and analytical techniques for using and studying osteoblast-osteoclast co-cultures. They allow researchers to identify publications relevant to their specific needs and allow easy validation and comparison with existing literature. Finally, we provide the information and tools necessary for others to use, manipulate and expand the databases for their needs.

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Peripheral blood monocytes show increased osteoclast differentiation potential compared to bone marrow monocytes

Cited by 32 publications

References 48 publications

Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases

Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases

Production of IL-6 and Phagocytosis Are the Most Resilient Immune Functions in Metabolically Compromised Human Monocytes

Osteoblast-osteoclast co-cultures: a systematic review and map of available literature

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