Peripheral blood T- and B-cell immunophenotypic abnormalities in selected women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage

Carbone, J.; Sarmiento, E.; Gallego, A.; Lanio, N.; Navarro, J.; Garcia, S.; Fernández‐Cruz, Eduardo

doi:10.1016/j.jri.2015.11.003

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It was not specified whether these CM cells were from the CD4 + or the CD8 + lineage. Part of this increase is likely due to CD4 + CM cells, since another study reported higher levels of CD4 + CM cells (CD4 + CD45RA − CCR7 + ) in peripheral blood from women suffering from recurrent miscarriages compared to women with proven fertility and women with no previous pregnancies (35).…”

Section: Cd4+ Memory Cells In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory T Cells in Pregnancy

et al. 2019

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Adaptations of the maternal immune response are necessary for pregnancy success. Insufficient immune adaption is associated with pregnancy pathologies such as infertility, recurrent miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, spontaneous preterm birth, and preeclampsia. The maternal immune system is continuously exposed to paternal-fetal antigens; through semen exposure from before pregnancy, through fetal cell exposure in pregnancy, and through microchimerism after pregnancy. This results in the generation of paternal-fetal antigen specific memory T cells. Memory T cells have the ability to remember previously encountered antigens to elicit a quicker, more substantial and focused immune response upon antigen reencounter. Such fetal antigen specific memory T cells could be unfavorable in pregnancy as they could potentially drive fetal rejection. However, knowledge on memory T cells in pregnancy has shown that these cells might play a favorable role in fetal-maternal tolerance rather than rejection of the fetus. In recent years, various aspects of immunologic memory in pregnancy have been elucidated and the relevance and working mechanisms of paternal-fetal antigen specific memory T cells in pregnancy have been evaluated. The data indicate that a delicate balance of memory T cells seems necessary for reproductive success and that immunologic memory in reproduction might not be harmful for pregnancy. This review provides an overview of the different memory T cell subtypes and their function in the physiology and in complications of pregnancy. Current findings in the field and possible therapeutic targets are discussed. The findings of our review raise new research questions for further studies regarding the role of memory T cells in immune-associated pregnancy complications. These studies are needed for the identification of possible targets related to memory mechanisms for studies on preventive therapies.

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Section: Cd4+ Memory Cells In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory T Cells in Pregnancy

et al. 2019

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“…Our findings further confirmed that CD3 -CD56 +hi NK cells with lower cytotoxicity were significantly lower in the RPL group compared to that in the NPW and NP groups. In addition, many molecules are expressed on NK cells, including natural cytotoxicity receptors, inhibitory receptors, immune checkpoints and inhibitory molecules (61). NK cell functions are also closely associated with the expression of activating and killing inhibitory receptors (KIRs).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NK cell functions are also closely associated with the expression of activating and killing inhibitory receptors (KIRs). KIRs can interact with neighboring receptors, such as activating receptors -natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D), natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) NKp30 (also known as NCR3), NKp44 (also known as NCR2) and NKp46 (also known as NCR1) (62,63) and KIRs -CD94/NKG2A (KIRD1/CD159a) heterodimers, which belong to HLA-class I (HLA-cl I)-specific inhibitory receptors (61). In our study, the NK cell phenotypes with specific functional molecules were not statistically different among the three groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Characterization of Novel Immune Cell Phenotypes in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

et al. 2021

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Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a disturbing disease in women, and 50% of RPL is reported to be associated with immune dysfunction. Most previous studies of RPL focused mainly on the relationship between RPL and either T cells or natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood and the decidua; few studies presented the systemic profiles of the peripheral immune cell subsets in RPL women. Herein, we simultaneously detected 63 immune cell phenotypes in the peripheral blood from nonpregnant women (NPW), women with a history of normal pregnancy (NP) and women with a history of RPL (RPL) by multi-parameter flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that the percentages of naïve CD4+ T cells, central memory CD4+ T cells, naïve CD8+ T cells, mature NK cells, Vδ1+ T cells and the ratio of Vδ1+ T cells/Vδ2+ T cells were significantly higher in the RPL group than those in the NPW and NP groups, whereas the percentages of terminal differentiated CD4+ T cells, effective memory CD4+ T cells, immature NK cells and Vδ2+ T cells were significantly lower in the RPL group than those in the NPW and NP groups. Interestingly, we found that peripheral T helper (TPH) cells were more abundant in the NPW group than in the NP and RPL groups. Moreover, the percentage of Vδ2+PD-1+ gamma-delta (γδ) T cells was extremely high, above the 95th percentile limit, in the NP group compared with the NPW and RPL groups, which has never been reported before. In addition, we also determined the 5th percentile lower limit and 95th percentile upper limit of the significantly changed immunological parameters based on the files of the NPW group. Taken together, this is the first study to simultaneously characterize the multiple immune cell subsets in the peripheral blood at a relatively large scale in RPL, which might provide a global readout of the immune status for clinicians to identify clinically-relevant immune disorders and guide them to make clear and individualized advice and treatment plans.

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“…IVIG is also a modifier of complement activation and injury [11]. We have recently reported that increased T-cell activation is associated with recurrent pregnancy loss [12]. It has been suggested that intravenous IgG and subcutaneous IgG preparations have comparable inhibitory effect on T cell activation [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%