Peripheral circulation indicators in veteran trail runners

Abstract

[Purpose] Competitive sport places strict demands on the cardiovascular systems of veteran trail runners. Our research objective was to evaluate the dynamics of microcirculation parameters of veteran runners in hypoxic and mid-altitude conditions. [Subjects and Methods] Seven male runners from Russia and Italy between the ages of 50 and 60 years were examined whilst competing at mid-altitude (1,500–2,000 m above sea level). The same runners were examined in a simulated mid-altitude hypoxic environment, which was a hypoxic chamber with 16% oxygen concentration, for 720 minutes. Under both conditions, peripheral circulation was studied using a laser Doppler flowmeter attached to the distal phalange of the second finger of the subject’s right hand. All subjects had a microcirculation parameter assessed, which was the standard deviation of the erythrocytes flow vibration in peripheral circulation, under both conditions. In order to assess the intensity of vasomotor reactions of the microcirculatory vessels, the coefficient of variation was used. [Results] In the hypoxic environment, a decrease in the microcirculation parameter was noted in the short-term (360 minutes), with a subsequent compensatory increase in the long-term (720 minutes). However, the coefficient of variation showed a reverse trend with an increase in the vasomotor activity of microvessels from 12.4% to 18.2% at the stage of maximum training load within one month in the mid-altitude in the hypoxic environment, with a consequent reduction in preparation for the start. [Conclusion] In the hypoxic environment, the subjects demonstrated a two-stage change in the dynamics of the microcirculation parameter: an initial fall and a subsequent increase reaching the initial values. Similar changes were found when subjects were competing at mid-altitude. Our results show that the assessment of the peripheral circulation in a simulated mid-altitude hypoxic environment can be used to determine the readiness of veteran sportsmen for long-term trail running in mid-altitude conditions.

Comparative Analysis of the Dynamics of Heart Rhythm Variability Indicators of Long-Distance Runners in Different Training Conditions

“…It is known that the dynamics of rest/load indicators, as a rule, depends on the skill level of the athlete and the type of sport. More successful athletes have the highest level of sympathetic reaction and activity of the central circuit for the regulation of heart rhythm to the load as a manifestation of functional reserves mobilization (Bolotin, & Bakayev, 2017c).…”

“…Moreover, the training of long-distance runners on the flat terrain and at the medium altitude have different characteristics (Bolotin, & Bakayev, 2017b;Bakaev, Bolotin, & Aganov, 2016;Bakayev, Bolotin, & You, 2018). This affects the formation of the structural trace of adaptation, which must be considered in the training of these athletes (Bolotin, & Bakayev, 2017c; TALENT IDENTIFICATION CRITERIA | V. BAKAYEV & A. BOLOTIN Boullosa, Tuimil, Leicht, & Crespo-Salgado, 2009;Dong, 2016;Bolotin, & Bakayev, 2016).…”

Pedagogical practice for development of coordination potential of MMA fighters and estimation of its efficiency

“…Technical actions combinations used by MMA fighters should be realized in specific ad hoc activity and functional feasibility. Accordingly actions should be fixed not only within definite structure of the sportsmen's technique based on coordination potential, but also should interact between each other via biomechanical, biological and functional linkages (Bolotin, 2015;Bolotin & Bakayev, 2017;Lee, & McGill, 2016;Bolotin, Bakayev, Vazhenin, 2015).…”

Model for Stamina Development in Biathletes Based on the Combined Application of Respiratory Exercises

“…The study of scientific works and practical experience shows that respiratory exercises, which are nonspecific means for developing stamina and have a wide range of action on the bodies of athletes, have great potential (Bakaev, Bolotin, & Vasil' eva, 2015;Bakaev, Bolotin, & Aganov, 2016). They enhance the effect of training exercises performed and increase the level of physical performance (Batzel, Kappel, Schneditz, & Tran, 2007;Bohuslavska, Furman, Pityn, Galan, & Nakonechnyi, 2017;Bolotin, Bakayev, & You, 2018;Bolotin, & Bakayev, 2016;Przybyła et al, 2016;Vogiatzis et al, 2007;Bolotin, & Bakayev, 2017b;Bakayev et al, 2018).…”