Edematous syndrome is most common among patients of older age groups and indicates pathology on the part of such organ systems as cardiovascular, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, lymphatic, endocrine. The causes of edema are diverse, and the tactics of further management due to incorrect justification can lead to serious consequences.The purpose of this study. To study the prevalence and differential diagnostic features of edematous syndrome based on the analysis of current scientific publications containing information on this topic.Results. The development of edematous syndrome is caused by a number of factors, the main of which are: hydrodynamic factor, osmotic factor, oncotic pressure, membranogenic factor. Despite the fact that edematous syndrome is associated with many diseases, it has specific differential diagnostic signs for each pathology.Conclusions. Edema is a visible objective symptom and is a root cause factor of various diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, thrombophlebitis, filariasis, cirrhosis, chronic heart failure, shock, allergic, inflammatory conditions and many others. However, with the help of specific clinical features of the symptoms of this syndrome, it is possible to make a differential diagnosis and determine the underlying disease that led to the formation of edematous syndrome.