Peripheral lymphocyte markers as surrogate measures of immunosuppression and post-transplant clinical states

New Frontiers in the Therapeutic Management of Transplant Rejection

“…Sindhi and colleagues [16] have shown that cyclosporine treatment significantly reduces this cell subset from peripheral blood [16]. Furthermore, combined therapy (mycophenolate Mofetil with Sirolimus at therapeutic concentrations) reduces this cell population along with a down modulation of costimulatory molecules of these T cells [16]. The generation of CD8 + CD28 -suppressor cells which block antigen presentation and, consequently, deactivate alloreactive T cells was likewise documented [16].…”

“…The rejection has been shown to be dependent upon antigens that are expressed in T and/or NK cells CD2, CD11a, CD11b, CD18, CD49d, and CD62L, and in porcine endothelial cell targets (CD29, CD106) [8,12,15]. On the other hand, the role of other cells, like NKT cells and CD8+CD28-(suppressor cells), should not be overlooked since cytokine secretion by both cell types may influence cell recognition and graft rejection [16][17][18]. Using an allogenic transplant model, it has been demonstrated that Th2 cytokines, generated following α galactosyl ceramide injection and activation of CD4 suppressor cells with, expressing cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4, CTLA-4, CD3+CD4+ CD25+CTLA4+ cells, play an important role delaying transplant rejection [14][15][16][17][18].…”

“…These regulatory cells seem to be modulated by pharmacological treatment [39]. Sindhi and colleagues [16] have shown that cyclosporine treatment significantly reduces this cell subset from peripheral blood [16]. Furthermore, combined therapy (mycophenolate Mofetil with Sirolimus at therapeutic concentrations) reduces this cell population along with a down modulation of costimulatory molecules of these T cells [16].…”

“…On the other hand, the role of other cells, like NKT cells and CD8+CD28-(suppressor cells), should not be overlooked since cytokine secretion by both cell types may influence cell recognition and graft rejection [16][17][18]. Using an allogenic transplant model, it has been demonstrated that Th2 cytokines, generated following α galactosyl ceramide injection and activation of CD4 suppressor cells with, expressing cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4, CTLA-4, CD3+CD4+ CD25+CTLA4+ cells, play an important role delaying transplant rejection [14][15][16][17][18]. The Th2 cytokines generated down modulate the Th1 cytokines involved in inflammatory response and antibody production involved in transplant rejection.…”

“…Furthermore, combined therapy (mycophenolate Mofetil with Sirolimus at therapeutic concentrations) reduces this cell population along with a down modulation of costimulatory molecules of these T cells [16]. The generation of CD8 + CD28 -suppressor cells which block antigen presentation and, consequently, deactivate alloreactive T cells was likewise documented [16]. The authors concluded that good pharmacological control of the immune system resulted in a decrease of the amount of memory T cells, costimulatory molecules, and proinflammatory cytokines, and led to the generation of suppressor cells.…”