Peripheral Nerve Injury Induced by Japanese Encephalitis Virus in C57BL/6 Mouse

Yang, Huan; Wang, Xiaoli; Wang, Zhao; Wang, Guowei; Fu, Shihong; Li, Fan; Yang, Liping; Yuan, Yanping; Shen, Kaichun; Wang, Huanyu; Wang, Zhenhai

doi:10.1128/jvi.01658-22

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Given the incomplete comprehension of the pathogenesis underlying PNI associated with JEV infection, reliable animal models are imperative for investigating its molecular mechanisms. Recently, we have effectively developed a mouse model that substantiates the occurrence of myelin sheath and axonal damage at eight and thirteen days, respectively, following JEV GIb infection [ 19 ]. Therefore, a direct causal connection between JEV and PNI has been established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outbreaks mentioned above lacked a clearly defined clinical management strategy. Interestingly, previous animal models have provided evidence of a direct causal relationship between the GIb strain of JEV and peripheral nerve injury (PNI) [ 18 , 19 ]. It is indisputable that JEV possesses the capacity to evolve into a global pathogen of significant concern, thereby presenting formidable challenges to both human health and socio-economic stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peripheral nerve injury associated with JEV infection in high endemic regions, 2016–2020: a multicenter retrospective study in China

Wang,

Zhong,

Wang

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Previously, we reported a cohort of Japanese encephalitis (JE) patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome. However, the evidence linking Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection and peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains limited, especially the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome significantly differ from traditional JE. We performed a retrospective and multicenter study of 1626 patients with JE recorded in the surveillance system of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, spanning the years 2016–2020. Cases were classified into type 1 and type 2 JE based on whether the JE was combined with PNI or not. A comparative analysis was conducted on demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, imaging findings, electromyography data, laboratory results, and treatment outcomes. Among 1626 laboratory confirmed JE patients, 230 (14%) were type 2 mainly located along the Yellow River in northwest China. In addition to fever, headache, and disturbance of consciousness, type 2 patients experienced acute flaccid paralysis of the limbs, as well as severe respiratory muscle paralysis. These patients presented a greater mean length of stay in hospital (children, 22 years [range, 1–34]; adults, 25 years [range, 0–183]) and intensive care unit (children, 16 years [range, 1–30]; adults, 17 years [range, 0–102]). The mortality rate was higher in type 2 patients (36/230 [16%]) compared to type 1 (67/1396 [5%]). The clinical classification of the diagnosis of JE may play a crucial role in developing a rational treatment strategy, thereby mitigating the severity of the disease and potentially reducing disability and mortality rates among patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral nerve injury associated with JEV infection in high endemic regions, 2016–2020: a multicenter retrospective study in China

Wang,

Zhong,

Wang

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…To study the effects of JEV on peripheral nerve injury, Yang et al developed a mouse model of infection that consistently developed peripheral motor deficits. These motor deficits were associated with sciatic nerve demyelination and axonal degeneration as well as reduced nerve conduction velocity, as measured by electromyography [100]. Viral loads in the injured sciatic nerve, inflammatory cell infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine expression were all positively correlated with sciatic nerve injury, suggesting that JEV-induced peripheral nerve injury is likely due both to the virus directly and to inflammation associated with the anti-viral response [100].…”

Section: Japanese Encephalitis Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Neurologic Manifestations of Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus Infections

Blackhurst,

Funk

2023

Viruses

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Flaviviruses are a family of enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome, transmitted by arthropod vectors. These viruses are known for their broad cellular tropism leading to infection of multiple body systems, which can include the central nervous system. Neurologic effects of flavivirus infection can arise during both acute and post-acute infectious periods; however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying post-acute sequelae are not fully understood. Here, we review recent studies that have examined molecular and cellular mechanisms that may contribute to neurologic sequelae following infection with the West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Zika virus, dengue virus, and St. Louis encephalitis virus. Neuronal death, either from direct infection or due to the resultant inflammatory response, is a common mechanism by which flavivirus infection can lead to neurologic impairment. Other types of cellular damage, such as oxidative stress and DNA damage, appear to be more specific to certain viruses. This article aims to highlight mechanisms of cellular damage that are common across several flavivirus members and mechanisms that are more unique to specific members. Our goal is to inspire further research to improve understanding of this area in the hope of identifying treatment options for flavivirus-associated neurologic changes.

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Peripheral Nerve Injury Induced by Japanese Encephalitis Virus in C57BL/6 Mouse

Abstract: JEV is a neurotropic flavivirus belonging to the Flaviviridae family and causes high mortality and disability rates. It invades the central nervous system and induces acute inflammatory injury and neuronal death.

Cited by 2 publications

References 64 publications

Peripheral nerve injury associated with JEV infection in high endemic regions, 2016–2020: a multicenter retrospective study in China

Peripheral nerve injury associated with JEV infection in high endemic regions, 2016–2020: a multicenter retrospective study in China

Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Neurologic Manifestations of Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus Infections

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