“…Alcohol abuse (Koike and Sobue, 2006), statins (Lo et al, 2003), metronidazole (Tan et al, 2011), flecainide (Burakgazi et al, 2012), nitrofurantoin (Tan et al, 2012), linezolid (Chao et al, 2008), antiretroviral drugs (Ferrari and Levine, 2010), chemotherapy agents (Geber et al, 2013) Immune-mediated Sarcoidosis (Heij et al, 2012), amyloidosis (Adams et al, 2012), Sj€ ogren syndrome (Chai et al, 2005), systemic lupus erythematosus (Gøransson et al, 2006), inflammatory bowel disease (Gondim et al, 2005), celiac disease , paraneoplastic syndromes (Gorson et al, 2008) Neurodegenerative Parkinson's disease (Rossi et al, 2007), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Weis et al, 2011) Idiopathic Underlying cause not known, including burning mouth syndrome (Lauria et al, 2005c) with no obvious medical or dental cause. The prevalence ranges from 3.7% to 18%, with a higher prevalence in postmenopausal women (Bergdahl and Bergdahl, 1999;Grushka et al, 2002;Jääskeläinen, 2012).…”