Persian version of the brief Older People’s Quality of Life questionnaire (OPQOL-brief): the evaluation of the psychometric properties

Abstract

Background and objective Quality of life (QoL) is a multi-dimensional concept and its assessment is one of important themes of care for older people. Assessing QoL in older people needs specific scales. The aim of this study was to culturally adapt and investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of brief Older People’s Quality of Life questionnaire (OPQOL-brief) in an Iranian older population. Methods This methodological cross-sectional study was conducted among 525 Persian-speaking older people (aged 60 and over), living in Isfahan, Iran. Translation of the OPQOL-brief questionnaire was performed using forward–backward method. Test–retest reliability was evaluated through Intra Class Correlation (ICC) coefficient and internal consistency by using Cronbach’s α. Construct validity was investigated by using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Latent class analysis (LCA). Criterion, convergent and discriminant validities were also assessed. Results Persian version of the OPQOL-brief showed good test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.842, 95% CI = 0.73–0.91; P < 0.001). Persian OPQOL-brief scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.83). It showed good discriminant validity and differentiated old patients from healthy older individuals (P < 0.001). Construct validity based on EFA led to extraction of three dimensions (“socioeconomic”, “emotional”, and “physical” well-being) and the CFA confirmed the adequacy of extracted construct from EFA (CFI = 0.909, PCFI = 0.52, PNFI = 0.5, CMIN/DF = 3.012, and RMSEA = 0.08). LCA classified participants into three classes in terms of QoL level (low (16%), middle (67%), and high (17%)). Criterion validity and convergent validity revealed significant positive correlations between OPQOL-brief and physical and psychological dimensions of the SF-36. Conclusion The Persian version of the OPQOL-brief is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing QoL with applicability in a broad range of older Persian language population.

Psychometric properties of the Czech version of the brief Older People Quality of Life questionnaire (OPQoL-brief)

“…The ICC coefficient values (ICC = 0.904) were also satisfactory. Satisfactory reliability and internal consistency of the OPQoL-brief scale was found by Bowling et al [ 6 ], but also Feizi and Heidari [ 40 ] in the Persian version and Caliskan et al [ 35 ] in the Turkish version. Haugan et al [ 33 ] found better reliability of the scale when excluding 5 items for a sample of seniors in nursing homes.…”

“…The two-factor model showed acceptable but lower reliability and validity. Feizi and Heidari [ 40 ] present a three-factor model, namely socioeconomic well-being (5 items), emotional well-being (5 items), and physical well-being (4 items).…”

“…Discriminant validity was assessed based on the OPQOL-brief ability to discriminate between healthy older individuals and older adults suffering from mental and physical illnesses. We hypothesized that the QoL of a person with mental/ physical illnesses was significantly different from that of a person without it [ 40 ]. The validity of the measure is supported if the mean of the QoL levels is significantly different between two groups.…”

Instrumentos para la evaluación de la calidad de vida de adultos mayores. Un estudio de revisión bibliográfica

“…Del mismo modo, en el año 2008 Ann Bowling e investigadores de la universidad de Gran Bretaña desarrollaron el cuestionario denominado: "Calidad de Vida de las Personas Mayores" (OPQOL-35) en su idioma original, en el cual se empleó una muestra de 987 adultos mayores ingleses de más de 65 años, para sustentar su hipótesis que describe a la calidad de vida como un constructo multifactorial (Bowling & Rai, 2009;Mares, Cigler & Vachkova, 2016), posteriormente se publica su versión corta OPQOL-Bref en el 2013 que consta de 13 ítems considerados los más importantes por los encuestados, descartando 22 ítems del cuestionario original, demostrando ser una herramienta útil cuando se requiere una evaluación corta e implacable (Bowling et al, 2013), de igual manera se han realizado investigaciones para validar las versiones traducidas del cuestionario; es el caso de una muestra de 478 participantes, quienes reflejaron niveles altos de satisfacción en su calidad de vida, en siete dominios principales, quienes mantienen autonomía en sus actividades diarias y viven solo o con pareja, a diferencia de aquellos que se encuentran bajo el cuidado de residencias, tutores, familiares; la validez y confiablidad en esta investigación osciló entre 0.72 y 0.90 para su versión en checo (Mares, Cigler & Vachkova, 2016), referente a su versión reducida que consta de 7 dimensiones, se realizó la validación en 168 participantes para su versión en turco, donde se encontró que el cuestionario es rentable y cuenta con una buena consistencia interna para el resultado de sus subescalas (Caliskan et al, 2019), 521 personas adultas mayores que viven solas participaron en un estudio que utilizó la versión adaptada al idioma chino, presentando resultados confiables en las 8 dimensiones y ubicándolo como instrumento idóneo para evaluar la calidad de vida en adultos mayores que viven solos (Chen & While, 2019), en otro contexto sociocultural participaron 764 adultos mayores quienes respondieron el cuestionario en su versión e idioma original, reflejando que la calidad de vida está estrechamente relacionado a una buena salud física y emocional, independencia, toma de decisiones y control sobre su vida (Siriwardhana et al, 2019), en su versión persa los resultados de 500 y 525 participantes demostraron su utilidad para evaluar la calidad de vida en edades avanzadas para población de habla persa (Nikkhah et al, 2018;Feizi & Heidari, 2020).…”

Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Swiss French Version of Older People’s Quality Of Life Questionnaire (OPQOL-35-SF)

“…It was also used in several studies in Albania (27), India (28), Sri Lanka (29), Pakistan (30), Malesia (31) and Indonesia (32). Some countries, such as Turkey (33), Iran (34) and Norway (35), translated and used the OPQOL-brief with thirteen items. Although French is spoken by about 300 millions of people in the world, making it the fifth most widely used language in the world (36), the OPQOL- 35 is not yet available in French.…”