Persistence of polycyclic aromatic compounds of different molecular size and water solubility in surficial sediment of an intertidal sandflat

Wilcock, Robert J.; Corban, Graham A.; Northcott, Grant L.; Wilkins, Alistair L.; Langdon, Alan G.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620150509

Cited by 36 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Perkin Elmer Elite-5HT capillary column (5% diphenyl, 95% dimethyl polysiloxane) was used (Aderemi, 2003;Wilcock et al, 1996). Data acquisition and analysis were performed using Perkin-Elmer Turbochrom data acquisition and analysis software.…”

Section: Analysis Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rivers, surface runoff, and sediments in and around Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Nekhavhambe¹,

Ree²,

Fatoki³

2014

WSA

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Water quality in rural areas is affected adversely by build-up of traffic-generated organic compounds on road surfaces, leading to their presence in water runoff and sediments. Characterising these compounds is a first step in developing measures for the removal of such pollutants from water courses. In this study, liquid-liquid extraction of water samples from several rivers and surface run-off enabled quantification of major PAHs. Soxhlet extraction of sediment samples was followed by clean-up of samples using column chromatography. The PAHs were quantified by gas chromatography. In water and sediment samples, 6 PAHs were identified and quantified. In river water samples, individual PAH levels ranged between 0.1 µg/ℓ and 137 µg/ℓ, while in sediment samples levels ranged between 17.9 µg/kg and 9870 µg/kg. For surface run-off, levels ranged between 0.6 µg/ℓ and 2 500 µg/ℓ for water samples and between 112 µg/kg and 34 400 µg/kg for sediment samples. Total levels of PAHs in sediment samples were relatively high (111.6 to 61 764 µg/kg) compared to those in water from both river and surface run-off (29.2 to 3 064.8 µg/ℓ), and PAH levels in surface runoff were much higher than in river waters, implicating tarred roads and parking lots as main point sources of PAHs. PAH ratios also indicate that the PAH content of runoff and sediment is more likely due to pyrogenic sources, i.e. vehicle emissions, although petrogenic sources (mainly oil spills) also play an important role. Toxic Equivalence Quotient (TEQ) values in river and runoff waters ranged from 0.10 to 4.03 µg/ℓ and for sediments the TEQ ranged from 0.50 to 272.23 µg/kg. These results are of concern, as the calculated TEQ is likely to be an underestimate of the actual TEQ, since only 6 PAHs with relatively low toxicities were analysed. Long droughts and low rainfall, and washing of automobiles in and near the rivers are important factors which may have contributed to the observed levels of PAHs in both river water and sediments.

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Section: Analysis Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rivers, surface runoff, and sediments in and around Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Nekhavhambe¹,

Ree²,

Fatoki³

2014

WSA

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“…In our study we mostly found tetra and pentacyclic congeners. Generally, an increase in the size of a PAH molecule results in an increase in electrochemical stability [39] which in turn contribute to the persistence of PAHs in the environment [40]. As BDE 47 and BDE 99, the PAHs we found in the Italian site as fluoranthene have a high potential for biomagnification and are known to exert toxic effects and possess mutagenic or carcinogenic properties [41].…”

Section: Hexachlorobenzene (Hcb) and Isomers And Metabolites Of Dichlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of buildings as nest-sites in the range expansion and conservation of choughs Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax in Spain

Blanco

Fargallo

Tella

et al. 1997

Biological Conservation

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a b s t r a c t Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 19 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 7 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), isomers and metabolites of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) and Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) were measured in the feathers of the Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, a rare and protected corvid species inhabiting rural and mountainous areas. Feathers were collected in the wild from seven sites in the Iberian Peninsula, one in La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain and one site in Italy. HCH isomers and HCB resulted always under the detection limit. PAHs were found only in the Italian population (range 39.3-54.6 ng/g wet weight in the three subsamples). For PBDEs, the concentrations ranged from 135 to 11,753 pg/g (mean 1560 ± 3415 pg/g w.w.). Only one sample collected in the most urbanized Spanish site in 1990 exceeded 2000 pg/g. Twenty years later in the same site the concentration resulted very low. Six Spanish areas from the same meta-population, and one island population at La Palma showed a low contamination by pp'DDE (3.2 ± 3.3 ng/g w.w., range for positive samples 1.7-10.1 ng/g w.w.). PCBs were found only in two Spanish locations with the 52 and the 138 congeners. Overall the species showed low to intermediate levels of contamination in feathers probably due to its intermediate trophic position and/or to the integrity of its environment.V.

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“…Biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene in long-term contaminated soil by indigenous microorganisms has usually been considered to be a very long-term process (Bossert et al 1984 , 1986 ; Coover et al 1987 ; Keck et al 1989). The half-life of benzo[a]pyrene in soil ranges from 100 days to 14.6 years (Wild et al 1991 ; Wilcock et al 1996 ). It was therefore surprising that about 78% of soil benzo[a]pyrene was dissipated during the 60 days of cultivation in the present study, and the organisms degrading benzo[a]pyrene in this soil deserve further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of alfalfa and organic fertilizer on benzo[a]pyrene dissipation in an aged contaminated soil

Dali

Teng

Luo

et al. 2011

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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BackgroundA climate-controlled pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of planting alfalfa and applying organic fertilizer on the dissipation of benzo[a]pyrene from an aged contaminated agricultural soil.ResultsShort-term planting of alfalfa inhibited the dissipation of benzo[a]pyrene from the soil by 8.9%, and organic fertilizer enhanced benzo[a]pyrene removal from the soil by 11.6% compared with the unplanted and unfertilized treatments, respectively. No significant interaction was observed between alfalfa and organic fertilizer on benzo[a]pyrene dissipation. Sterilization completely inhibited the removal of benzo[a]pyrene from the soil indicating that its degradation by indigenous microorganisms may have been the main mechanism of dissipation. Furthermore, significant positive relationships were observed between benzo[a]pyrene removal and the contents of soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and total mineral nitrogen at the end of the experiment, suggesting that competition between plants and microorganisms for nitrogen may have inhibited benzo[a]pyrene dissipation in the rhizosphere of alfalfa and the addition of organic fertilizer may facilitate microbial degradation of benzo[a]pyrene in the soil.

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Persistence of polycyclic aromatic compounds of different molecular size and water solubility in surficial sediment of an intertidal sandflat

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Determination and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rivers, surface runoff, and sediments in and around Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Determination and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rivers, surface runoff, and sediments in and around Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Role of buildings as nest-sites in the range expansion and conservation of choughs Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax in Spain

Effects of alfalfa and organic fertilizer on benzo[a]pyrene dissipation in an aged contaminated soil

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