Persistent Campylobacter jejuni Infections in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Perlman, Daniel; Ampel, Neil M.; Schifman, Ron B.; Cohn, David L.; Patton, C M; Aguirre, Maria L.; Wang, Wen‐Lan L.; Blaser, Martin J.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-4-540

Cited by 127 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Since hypogammaglobulinemic/agammaglobulinemic patients and AIDS patients are subject to prolonged symptoms and repeated infection, these data do suggest a role for humoral and T-cell immunity in limiting the infection (8,134). However, they do not explain the susceptibility specifically to Campylobacter infection, because such patients are also susceptible to a whole range of other pathogens.…”

Section: Observations Of Patientsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Two groups of patients that are particularly susceptible are those with hypoor agammaglobulinemia, who suffer from defects in humoral immunity, and those with AIDS, who suffer from a defect in cell-mediated immunity (134,151). Such patients often experience more severe clinical disease that is more frequently accompanied by bacteremia.…”

Section: Observations Of Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host-Pathogen Interactions inCampylobacterInfections: the Host Perspective

et al. 2008

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SUMMARY Campylobacter is a major cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in humans worldwide. This study was aimed at summarizing the current understanding of host mechanisms involved in the defense against Campylobacter by evaluating data available from three sources: (i) epidemiological observations, (ii) observations of patients, and (iii) experimental observations including observations of animal models and human volunteer studies. Analysis of available data clearly indicates that an effective immune system is crucial for the host defense against Campylobacter infection. Innate, cell-mediated, and humoral immune responses are induced during Campylobacter infection, but the relative importance of these mechanisms in conferring protective immunity against reinfection is unclear. Frequent exposure to Campylobacter does lead to the induction of short-term protection against disease but most probably not against colonization. Recent progress in the development of more suitable animal models for studying Campylobacter infection has opened up possibilities to study the importance of innate and adaptive immunity during infection and in protection against reinfection. In addition, advances in genomics and proteomics technologies will enable more detailed molecular studies. Such studies combined with better integration of host and pathogen research driven by epidemiological findings may truly advance our understanding of Campylobacter infection in humans.

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Section: Observations Of Patientsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Observations Of Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Pathogen Interactions inCampylobacterInfections: the Host Perspective

et al. 2008

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“…In contrast to healthy hosts, prolonged clinical symptoms and the recrudescence of disease have been specifically reported in subjects with HIV infection and those with hypogammaglobulinemia (1,13,21,25,27,31,35). In these populations, campylobacteriosis may be associated with protracted shedding and gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as systemic disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Recrudescent Campylobacter jejuni Infection in an Immunocompetent Adult following Experimental Infection with a Well-Characterized Organism

Baqar

Tribble

Carmolli

et al. 2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The recrudescence of infection with Campylobacter jejuni after appropriate antibiotic treatment has not been previously reported in an immunocompetent adult. We present the complete clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic evaluation of a closely monitored healthy male with recrudescent C. jejuni infection occurring in the absence of immunodeficiency following experimental infection with a well-characterized strain. After antibiotic treatment, the initial infection was clinically cleared and microbiologically undetectable. Subsequently, two episodes of recrudescence occurred, with no change in in vitro antibiotic sensitivity being detected. The immune responses of the individual were compared to those of other participants in the experimental infection study: innate immune responses, including fecal cytokines and C-reactive protein, were intact; however, measures of Campylobacter-specific adaptive immune responses were absent, including serum antibodies, antibody-secreting cells, and in vitro gamma interferon responses. No primary or secondary immunodeficiency was identified. Recrudescent Campylobacter infections after treatment may be more common than has previously been appreciated. This work adds to our understanding of the human immune response to natural Campylobacter infection and reiterates the importance of pathogen-specific adaptive immune responses to this globally important pathogen.

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“…Sera from HIV-infected subjects with persistent and severe C j ejuni infection had abnormally low campylobacter -specific antibody responses compared to otl1erwise healthy volunteers. and specific humoral in1munity was found to be important in preventing can1pylobacter bacteremia (2). Changes in mucosa!…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…from homosexual men and have been recovered from patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AJDS) (1)(2)(3). Most patients have symptoms of enterocolitis, although occasionally systemic illness with bacteremia has also been reported.…”

Section: Ampylobacter Species Are Frequently Isolatedmentioning

confidence: 99%