Persistent cannabis use as an independent risk factor for violent behaviors in patients with schizophrenia

Beaudoin, Mélissa; Potvin, Stéphane; Giguère, Charles–Édouard; Discepola, Sophie-Lena; Dumais, Alexandre

doi:10.1038/s41537-020-0104-x

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Results remained significant after controlling for alcohol and stimulant use. As such, this analysis of longitudinal data showed a unidirectional association between cannabis and violence in schizophrenia (109). On the other hand, our study on adolescents also supported a reverse relationship, that is that externalizing behavior in youths may lead to the subsequent use of cannabis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Beyond associational research, our studies using longitudinal designs were conducted in the aim to further understand the direction of the cannabis-violence association as solely few investigations have been carried out on the matter (27,31,33,(107)(108)(109)(110). Our studies on psychiatric samples have supported the finding of a unidirectional association between cannabis use and violence (108,109). In this regard, our research team has recently re-analyzed data from the NIHMfunded CATIE trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Our team conducted four additional studies to elucidate the association using more robust methodological strategies and wellknown databases in youth populations from the Quebec Health Survey of High School Students (106) and Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (107) as well as in samples with SMD from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study (108) and Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) (109). Beyond associational research, our studies using longitudinal designs were conducted in the aim to further understand the direction of the cannabis-violence association as solely few investigations have been carried out on the matter (27,31,33,(107)(108)(109)(110). Our studies on psychiatric samples have supported the finding of a unidirectional association between cannabis use and violence (108,109).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Violence and Cannabis Use: A Focused Review of a Forgotten Aspect in the Era of Liberalizing Cannabis

et al. 2020

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There has been a shift surrounding societal and legal perspectives on cannabis reflecting changing public attitudes towards the perceived safety and social acceptability of cannabis use. With cannabis liberalization internationally, the focus of most cannabisrelated harms has been on effects with users themselves. Harm-to-others including injuries from violence have nevertheless been unfortunately largely overlooked. While studies remain heterogeneous, there is meta-analytical evidence pointing towards an association. The aims of this focused review are twofold: (I) review the evidence from meta-analyses on the association between cannabis and violence; and (II) provide an overview of possible mechanisms relating cannabis use to violence. First, evidence from meta-analytical studies in youths, intimate partners, and individuals with severe mental disorders have shown that there is a global moderate association between cannabis use and violence, which is stronger in the latter more at-risk population. Preliminary data has even highlighted a potential dose-response relationship with larger effects in more frequent users. Although of importance, this subject has remained essentially forgotten as a public health concern. While literature remains inconclusive, data has suggested potential increases in cannabis use following liberalization policies. This may increase violent outcomes if the effect is directly related to the use of cannabis by means of its psychophysiological modifications. However, for the moment, the mechanisms associating cannabis use and violence remain to be clearly resolved. Considering the recency of policy changes on cannabis, further methodologically sound research using longitudinal designs should examine the effects that cannabis use may have on different forms of violence and the trends that emerge, while evaluating the effects of possible confounding factors (e.g. other substance use). In addition, as evidence-based research from meta-analyses have shown that cannabis use is associated with violence, measures must be taken to mitigate the risks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Violence and Cannabis Use: A Focused Review of a Forgotten Aspect in the Era of Liberalizing Cannabis

et al. 2020

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“…For example, in a birth cohort study, schizophrenic patients with CU have been found to be 3.8 times more likely to be violent than control subjects ( 3 ). A recent longitudinal study ( 57 ) of 965 patients showed that persistent CU induces subsequent VB, after controlling for stimulants and alcohol use.…”

Section: Cannabis Use and Violent Behavior In The Early Phase Of Psyc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Link Between Cannabis Use and Violent Behavior in the Early Phase of Psychosis: The Potential Role of Impulsivity

et al. 2022

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IntroductionRecently, the literature has shown that Cannabis Use (CU) was a risk factor for Violent Behavior (VB) in patients with psychosis, and those in the early phase of psychosis (EPP). These findings are relevant because of the high prevalence of CU in this EPP, and the potential for prevention during this phase of illness. However, there is still a lack of clear explanations, supported by empirical evidence, about what underlies the link between CU and VB against other.MethodThis viewpoint reviews the scientific literature on the link between CU and VB, and the involvement of impulsivity in this relationship. This last point will be addressed at clinical and neurobiological levels.ResultsRecent studies confirmed that CU is particularly high in the EPP, and is a risk factor for VB in the EPP and schizophrenia. Studies have also shown that impulsivity is a risk factor for VB in psychosis, is associated with CU, and may mediate the link between CU and VB. Research suggests a neurobiological mechanism, as CU affects the structures and function of frontal areas, known to play a role in impulsive behavior.ConclusionScientific evidence support the hypothesis of an involvement of impulsivity as a variable that could mediate the link between CU and aggression, particularly, when CU has an early onset. However, this hypothesis should be confirmed with longitudinal studies and by taking into account confounding factors. The studies highlight the relevance of early prevention in the EPP, in addition to interventions focusing on psychotic disorders.

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“…Het blijkt bijvoorbeeld dat cannabisgebruik pijn kan verlichten, ontspannend kan werken en positieve gevoelens kan geven (Green et al, 2003), terwijl het bij iemand met schizofrenie vanwege de hallucinerende werking tot psychotische ontregeling en gewelddadig gedrag kan leiden (Beaudoin et al, 2020). Er blijken dus verschillende routes mogelijk waarop middelengebruik zich tot crimineel gedrag kan verhouden waar een recent literatuuroverzicht voor nodig is.…”

Section: Tbs En Onderzoek Naar Middelengebruik En Crimineel Gedragunclassified

(Poly)Substance use and Criminal Behavior: A Scoping Review

Suurmond¹

2021

Preprint

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Substance use and delinquent behavior like theft, violence and unacceptable sexual behavior is often mentioned in the same breath. The prevalence of substance use is higher in forensic populations and Tbs-populations (a Dutch forensic psychiatric hospital) compared to the general population. Nevertheless, there is still much unknown about the relation between substance use and criminal behavior and the literature at hand seems to be insufficient for a complex Tbs-population. The main goal of the study is to give an overview of existing literature about (poly)substance use and criminal behavior exposing gaps in knowledge. A scoping review is conducted in this context.After setting inclusion and exclusion criteria literature was screened in three steps; based on title, abstract and full-text. This resulted in 299 articles relevant for further synthesis.Results show that partner violence, property, violent, and unspecified crimes are the most researched criminal behavior in the literature. Most common substances are alcohol, cannabis, cocaine and heroin. Polysubstance use is found in a quarter of the studies and is often unspecified, if specified it mainly contains combinations of alcohol with other substances.There seem to be different reasons for existing knowledge gaps; some substances are more logic with criminal behavior.; some criminal behavior is less common. It turns out that the that the majority of the literature is about alcohol and cannabis what possibly comes at the cost of research about other substances.

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Persistent cannabis use as an independent risk factor for violent behaviors in patients with schizophrenia

Cited by 17 publications

References 47 publications

Violence and Cannabis Use: A Focused Review of a Forgotten Aspect in the Era of Liberalizing Cannabis

Violence and Cannabis Use: A Focused Review of a Forgotten Aspect in the Era of Liberalizing Cannabis

The Link Between Cannabis Use and Violent Behavior in the Early Phase of Psychosis: The Potential Role of Impulsivity

(Poly)Substance use and Criminal Behavior: A Scoping Review

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