Persisting Neutralizing Activity to SARS-CoV-2 over Months in Sera of COVID-19 Patients

Flehmig, Bertram; Schindler, Michael; Ruétalo, Natalia; Businger, Ramona; Bayer, Manfred; Haage, Angelika; Kirchner, Thomas; Klingel, Karin; Normann, Andrea; Pridzun, Lutz; Tougianidou, D.; Ranke, Michael B.

doi:10.3390/v12121357

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Accordingly, in a study performed on three family members who had had a mild COVID‐19, the patient with a relatively more severe disease showed a higher level of anti‐S1RBD IgG during hospitalization. Noteworthily, the serum sample of these patients 6 months after discharge was still neutralizing in vitro 18 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Anti‐spike S1 receptor‐binding domain antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 persist several months after infection regardless of disease severity

Bavaro

Laghetti

Milano

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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Data regarding the immunological memory and long-time kinetics of immunoglobulin (IgG) against viral nucleoprotein (NP) and spike protein S1 receptor-binding domain (S1RBD) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromeassociated Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are lacking. All consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to our Clinic between March 1, 2020, and May 1, 2020, who were tested at hospital admission for anti-S1RBD and anti-NP IgG were enrolled. Serum samples were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with the use of two commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results are expressed as optical density measurements at 450 nm (OD 450 ). Overall, 111 patients were included; the median (q1-q3) age was 57 (49-73) years, 59 (53%) males. According to disease severity, 31 (28%), 47 (42%), and 33 (30%) patients were considered affected by mild/moderate, severe, and critical SARS-CoV-2 infection, respectively.During hospitalization, patients with the critical disease showed a higher peak value of both anti-NP (median OD 450 : 3.66 vs. 3.06 vs. 3.00 respectively, p = .043) and anti-S1RBD IgG (median OD 450 : 2.33 vs. 1.6 vs. 0.91, respectively, p < .001). By testing 48 subjects 6 months or above from discharge, a significant decrease of anti-NP IgG was observed (r: −0.5838; p < .0001), whereas anti-S1RBD IgG showed only a modest reduction (r: −0.1507; p = .0647). Accordingly, 10 (21%) and 2 (4%) patients had a negative serological status for anti-NP and anti-S1RBD IgG, respectively; no association with clinical severity was found. IgGs against SARS-CoV-2 persisted several months after discharge, regardless of disease severity, suggesting that vaccination could be a valid strategy to fight the pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Anti‐spike S1 receptor‐binding domain antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 persist several months after infection regardless of disease severity

Bavaro

Laghetti

Milano

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Second, dating of the emergence of HCoV-229E RBD classes indicated an initial rapid turnover of classes I to IV followed by a 26-year time during which no variant turned up after the emergence of class V. Class V and the closely related class VI RBDs differ in binding a nity from the other classes by almost an order of magnitude 57 . Third, neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV can bind region of the spike protein other than the RBD or can recognize different viral proteins [105][106][107][108] . However, the polymorphic selected sites we detected were almost exclusively located within the RBDs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human endemic coronavirus emergence in the context of past and recent zoonotic outbreaks

Forni

Cagliani

Arrigoni

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of the four human endemic coronaviruses might provide insight into the future trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 evolution. We re-assessed the timing of endemic coronavirus emergence and we show that all viruses entered human populations in a time-frame ranging from ~500 to 55 years ago. Because the three highly pathogenic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) spilled-over in tight temporal succession, the pattern of coronavirus emergence, in analogy to that of influenza pandemics, is highly irregular. To contextualize this observation in a wider perspective of viral diseases emergence since 1945, we mined epidemiology database information. After controlling for reporting bias, we find that, contrary to widespread beliefs, the occurrence of viral diseases (either zoonotic or not) has not increased over the last decades. Analysis of the recent and ongoing evolution of HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 indicated that positive selection most likely contributed to fine-tune the interaction with the human interferon/inflammatory response. Conversely, integration of evolutionary inference and molecular dating provided evidence that these viruses are not undergoing antigenic drift and the temporal emergence of spike protein variants is best explained by optimization of receptor binding affinity. These data provide a fresh look on viral disease emergence and on coronavirus evolution.

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“…The level of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies remains high for at least a few months after developing a COVID-19 infection [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. A recent study reported high levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (69.0–91.4%) 8 months after asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Healthcare Workers in General Hospitals and Clinics in Japan

Yoshihara

Ito

Zaitsu

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious public health problem worldwide. In general, healthcare workers are considered to be at higher risk of COVID-19 infection. However, the prevalence of COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Japan is not well characterized. In this study, we aimed to examine the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies among 2160 healthcare workers in hospitals and clinics that are not designated to treat COVID-19 patients in Japan. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G was 1.2% in August and October 2020 (during and after the second wave of the pandemic in Japan), which is relatively higher than that in the general population in Japan (0.03–0.91%). Because of the higher risk of COVID-19 infection, healthcare workers should be the top priority for further social support and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.

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Persisting Neutralizing Activity to SARS-CoV-2 over Months in Sera of COVID-19 Patients

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Anti‐spike S1 receptor‐binding domain antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 persist several months after infection regardless of disease severity

Anti‐spike S1 receptor‐binding domain antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 persist several months after infection regardless of disease severity

Human endemic coronavirus emergence in the context of past and recent zoonotic outbreaks

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Healthcare Workers in General Hospitals and Clinics in Japan

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