Personal and Extrapersonal Spatial Perception

Vallar, Giuseppe; Maravita, Angelo

doi:10.1002/9780470478509.neubb001016

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…This connection is unlikely to be direct. Rather, visual information about the body may reach the multisensory areas of the posterior parietal cortex (Vallar & Maravita, 2009). These areas may then modulate the somatosensory regions of the pain matrix, including the somatosensory and insular cortices (Longo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Extrastriate Visual Cortexmentioning

confidence: 98%

tDCS Modulation of Visually Induced Analgesia

Mancini

Bolognini

Haggard

et al. 2012

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Multisensory interactions can produce analgesic effects. In particular, viewing one's own body reduces pain levels, perhaps because of changes in connectivity between visual areas specialized for body representation, and sensory areas underlying pain perception. We tested the causal role of the extrastriate visual cortex in triggering visually induced analgesia by modulating the excitability of this region with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Anodal, cathodal, or sham tDCS (2 mA, 10 min) was administered to 24 healthy participants over the right occipital or over the centro-parietal areas thought to be involved in the sensory processing of pain. Participants were required to rate the intensity of painful electrical stimuli while viewing either their left hand or an object occluding the left hand, both before and immediately after tDCS. We found that the analgesic effect of viewing the body was enhanced selectively by anodal stimulation of the occipital cortex. The effect was specific for the polarity and the site of stimulation. The present results indicate that visually induced analgesia may depend on neural signals from the extrastriate visual cortex.

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Section: Extrastriate Visual Cortexmentioning

confidence: 98%

tDCS Modulation of Visually Induced Analgesia

Mancini

Bolognini

Haggard

et al. 2012

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…Current views indicate that such representation is manifold, with spatial and nonspatial components [48]. These representations of the body (be they internal ''schemata" or ''images") have genetically determined components [49], and are continuously updated through the integration of multisensory inputs [50]. Their impairment may give rise to a variety of neuropsychological deficits comprising: personal neglect and unawareness of one side of the body [51,52]; unawareness (anosognosia) for hemiplegia and hemianesthesia [53]; delusional beliefs, including disownership, concerning body parts [54]; phantom [55] and supernumerary [24,56,57] limbs; the alien hand phenomenon [58,59]; autoscopic phenomena [60]; depersonalization [61]; autotopoagnosia [62]; and the finger agnosia symptom of Gerstmann's syndrome [63].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Commentary on Bonnier P. L’aschématie. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1905;13:605–9

Vallar

Rode

2009

Epilepsy & Behavior

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“…For example, according to Longo and Lourenco (2007) peripersonal space is represented differently from extrapersonal spaces which also supports prior work by Previc (1998). Vallar and Maravita (2009) Work on utilizing the concept of peripersonal space as a way towards naturally structuring visual object recognition tasks in artificial systems has been conducted by Goerick et al (2005). We use peripersonal space to structure the space covered by multiple sensor modalities.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 75%

A computational model of cooperative spatial behaviour for virtual humans*

Nguyen¹,

Wachsmuth²

2013

Representing Space in Cognition

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This chapter introduces a model which connects representations of the space surrounding a virtual humanoid's body with the space it shares with several interaction partners. This work intends to support virtual humans (or humanoid robots) in near space interaction and is inspired by studies from cognitive neurosciences on the one hand and social interaction studies on the other hand. We present our work on learning the body structure of an articulated virtual human by using data from virtual touch and proprioception sensors. The results are utilized for a representation of its reaching space, the so-called peripersonal space, a concept known from cognitive neuroscience.In interpersonal interaction involving several partners, their peripersonal spaces may overlap and establish a shared reaching space. We define it as their interaction space, where cooperation takes place and where actions to claim or release spatial areas have to be adapted, to avoid obstructions of the other's movements. Our model of interaction space is developed as an extension of Kendon's F-formation system, a foundational theory of how humans orient themselves in space when communicating. Thus, interaction space allows for measuring not only the spatial arrangement (i.e., body posture and orientation) between multiple interaction partners, but also the extent of space they share. Peripersonal and interaction space are modeled as potential fields to control the virtual human's behaviour strategy. As an example we show how the virtual human can relocate object positions toward or away from locations reachable for all partners, and thus facilitating cooperation in an interaction task. In this chapter we shall demonstrate how a virtual human can cooperate with a partner in building a toy tower together, as one aspect of computationally modelling shared space and spatial behaviour for action coordination. Virtual humans are autonomous agents with human-like appearance and usually human-like multi-modal behaviour like speech, gaze, gestures, and facial expressions. In three-dimensional virtual reality environments, virtual humans can interact with other virtual humans or with real humans. For example, virtual humans like Max (Kopp et al., 2003) can act as co-situated guides in a construction task, or Steve (Rickel and Johnson, 2000), who act as tutors demonstrating physical tasks to students.In the mentioned scenarios, overlapping workspaces were usually avoided by maintaining enough distance between the partners to avoid interferences between their movements. We believe that in natural interaction such interferences have to be dealt with to accomplish cooperative interaction tasks. Thus, we present our work on modelling a virtual human's spatial behaviour in shared near space interactions in order to facilitate the accomplishment of and the partner's engagement in the cooperative task.Spatial interaction in tasks carried out in distances near to the agent's body usually pose a great challenge to virtual humans. In contrast, humans seem to...

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Personal and Extrapersonal Spatial Perception

Cited by 27 publications

References 93 publications

tDCS Modulation of Visually Induced Analgesia

tDCS Modulation of Visually Induced Analgesia

Commentary on Bonnier P. L’aschématie. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1905;13:605–9

A computational model of cooperative spatial behaviour for virtual humans*

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