Personal Identification in Forensic Anthropology

Hurst, Carolyn; Soler, Angela; Fenton, Todd W.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-382165-2.00013-1

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Additionally, the mineral composition of teeth makes them extremely resilient to postmortem damage, decomposition, temperature extremes, and fire destruction. Thus, both antemortem and post-mortem dental information are likely to be available for comparison (Hurst et al, 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individualization through Observation of the Characteristic of Alveolar Bone of Edentulous Skulls

Dimpudus

Prastyo

Artaria

2018

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School

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The loss of permanent teeth in an adult is highly undesirable. Usually, a tooth loss is caused by periodontal disease, trauma, and or caries. A long period of time of toothless condition will cause pathological migration of the remaining teeth and decreased alveolar bone in the edentulous region. The aim of this study is to observe the characteristics of the alveolar bones of some edentulous skulls. Observations made on the 10 skulls in The Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. The teeth loss antemortem could be differentiated from postmortem loss. Based on our observations on the edentulous skulls, it is found that the characteristic of the alveolar bones differed from each other based on the different rate of remodelling on the living tissue of the alveolar bone, during the life of the individuals. It can be concluded that the edentulous condition has a certain characteristic according to the length of time of the tooth loss, which can be compared to the data of the individual during life. It can help to identify an unknown individual based on the unique characteristic found on the alveolar bone of the edentulous individual.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individualization through Observation of the Characteristic of Alveolar Bone of Edentulous Skulls

Dimpudus

Prastyo

Artaria

2018

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School

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“…In many DVI contexts, identification will be confirmed relatively quickly through odontology, fingerprints or DNA [57]. However, there are many reasons why these methods may be delayed or in some cases, impossible to implement.…”

Section: In the Mortuarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, the most useful biological parameters in this regard are the estimation of sex and age at death, the utility of ancestry and stature is generally of limited value [58]. Other potentially useful information that can be provided by the forensic anthropologist are details about skeletal pathologies [57] and skeletal anomalies and variation [59].…”

Section: In the Mortuarymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of forensic anthropology in disaster victim identification (DVI): recent developments and future prospects

Boer

Blau

Delabarde³

et al. 2018

Forensic Sciences Research

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Forensic anthropological knowledge has been used in disaster victim identification (DVI) for over a century, but over the past decades, there have been a number of disaster events which have seen an increasing role for the forensic anthropologist. The experiences gained from some of the latest DVI operations have provided valuable lessons that have had an effect on the role and perceived value of the forensic anthropologist as part of the team managing the DVI process. This paper provides an overview of the ways in which forensic anthropologists may contribute to DVI with emphasis on how recent experiences and developments in forensic anthropology have augmented these contributions. Consequently, this paper reviews the value of forensic anthropological expertise at the disaster scene and in the mortuary, and discusses the way in which forensic anthropologists may use imaging in DVI efforts. Tissue-sampling strategies for DNA analysis, especially in the case of disasters with a large amount of fragmented remains, are also discussed. Additionally, consideration is given to the identification of survivors; the statistical basis of identification; the challenges related to some specific disaster scenarios; and education and training. Although forensic anthropologists can play a valuable role in different phases of a DVI operation, they never practice in isolation. The DVI process requires a multidisciplinary approach and, therefore, has a close collaboration with a range of forensic specialists.

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“…Examples of such cases include the following: decomposition, fire, extreme trauma, mass disaster, and human rights violations . Scientific identification methods include fingerprint identification, DNA analysis, comparative dental radiography, and comparative medical radiography . The Scientific Working Group for Forensic Anthropology (SWGANTH) states that “…identification can be made in cases when the antemortem and postmortem information match in sufficient detail to conclude that they are from the same individual to the exclusion of all other reasonable possibilities” .…”

Section: Selection Of Recent Validation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Identification via Lateral Patella Radiographs: A Validation Study,

Niespodziewanski

Stephan

Guyomarc’h

et al. 2015

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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This research examines the utility of patella outline shape for matching 3D scans of patellae to knee radiographs using elliptical Fourier analysis and subjective methods of human visual comparison of patellae across radiographs for identification purposes. Repeat radiographs were captured of cadaver's knees for visual comparison before patellae were extracted and skeletonized for quantitative comparisons. Quantitative methods provided significant narrowing down of the candidate pool to just a few potential matches (<5% of original sample), while the human analysts showed high capacity for correctly matching radiographs, irrespective of educational level (positive predictive value = 99.8%). The successful computerized matching based on a single quantified patella trait (outline shape) helps explain the potency achieved by subjective visual examination. This work adds to a growing body of studies demonstrating the value of single isolated infracranial bones for human identification via radiographic comparison.

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Personal Identification in Forensic Anthropology

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Individualization through Observation of the Characteristic of Alveolar Bone of Edentulous Skulls

Individualization through Observation of the Characteristic of Alveolar Bone of Edentulous Skulls

The role of forensic anthropology in disaster victim identification (DVI): recent developments and future prospects

Human Identification via Lateral Patella Radiographs: A Validation Study,

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