“…Many researchers have investigated factors that affect the outcome of MALL, including the benefits and limitations of the mobile devices and technology itself, the social and cultural influences users consider before using a mobile device, and specific categories of foreigners (i.e. the two categories of populations as identified above), immigrants and refugees – along with each category's preferences and needs – app developers should consider when creating the learning content (Concilio et al, 2022; Ramos Blanco, 2021; Uribe et al, 2022). Considering the number of studies on MALL, a systematic review will explore through a meta‐analysis and thematic analysis the research and case studies pertaining to these components in order to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of MALL and thus suggest certain topics and pathways for future research.…”