Personality in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus): Temporal stability and social rank

Konečná, Martina; Weiss, Alexander; Lhota, Stanislav; Wallner, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.06.004

Cited by 63 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In the two Macaca species we found high positive loadings of aggressive traits on the Emotionality dimension rather than Dominance. This result concurs with that of Konečná et al (2012), who found that the trait aggressive loads negatively on the Friendliness dimension rather than positively on the Confidence dimension in M. sylvanus. These results suggest that in M. nigra and M. sylvanus aggressive personality traits are not intrinsically linked with dominance personality traits; i.e., dominant individuals are not necessarily aggressive ones.…”

Section: Personality Structuresupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Further investigation using the hominid personality questionnaire would be needed to establish whether an BActivity type^dimension could be found in our study species. Indeed a recent study of personality of Macaca sylvanus using this rating instrument has suggested a Friendliness and an Activity/Excitability dimension exists (Konečná et al 2012).…”

Section: Personality Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Personality Assessment of Three Captive Primate Species: Macaca nigra, Macaca sylvanus, and Saimiri sciureus

2015

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Comparative studies of primate personality offer informative insights into the evolutionary origins of personality structure in primate species. Primate personality research has, however, focused on a limited number of species. We investigated personality in three relatively understudied species: Sulawesi black crested macaques (Macaca nigra), Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus), and common squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). We sent a 38-item questionnaire to all European zoological institutions holding the study species and keepers were required to rate individuals on all items. Assessments achieved good levels of interrater reliability. Principal components analysis (PCA) revealed Sociability and Dominance personality dimensions in all study species, an Emotionality dimension in both M. nigra and M. sylvanus, a Cautiousness dimension in S. sciureus, and a Human-Animal Sociability dimension in M. sylvanus. Sociability and Dominance dimensions were shown to have good construct validity, as assessed through appropriate relationships with sex and age and correlations with behavioral measures. The Sociability, Dominance, Emotionality, and Cautiousness dimensions were comparable with analogous dimensions in other primate species but aggressive-type traits did not load onto the Dominance dimension in the two Macaca spp. We suggest that this may be attributed to their more tolerant social systems compared to those of other primate species. The Human-Animal Sociability dimension could not be compared with other primate studies as, to date, there has been limited Int J Primatol investigation of human-directed personality dimensions in captive primates. Our findings suggest that the two Macaca species are more similar to each other, in terms of their personality structure, than either is to S. sciureus, which suggests phylogenetic similarity is an important predictor of personality. However, further comparative analysis of a wider range of primate species is needed to inform theories regarding the evolution of primate personality structure.

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Section: Personality Structuresupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Personality Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Personality Assessment of Three Captive Primate Species: Macaca nigra, Macaca sylvanus, and Saimiri sciureus

2015

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“…Several studies on other primate species have assessed the construct validity of questionnaires (Pederson et al, 2005;Morton et al, 2013;Konečná et al, 2012;Freeman et al, 2013), and the results are mixed with some, but not all, constructs showing correlations between conceptually similar behavioral measures of the same animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further 12 items were taken from a questionnaire used to study Hanuman langurs (Konečná et al, 2008) and Barbary macaque personality (Konečná et al, 2012).…”

Section: Questionnairementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on nonhuman primate personality bucks this trend (e.g., Koski, 2011a;Massen et al, 2013;Neumann et al, 2013;Konečná et al, 2008Konečná et al, , 2012Morton et al, 2013;Garai et al, 2016;Weiss et al, 2006Weiss et al, , 2007Weiss et al, , 2009Weiss et al, , 2011Weiss et al, , 2012aWeiss et al, ,b, 2015Eckardt et al, 2015;Neumann et al, 2013;Adams et al, 2015;Uher & Visalberghi, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) personality.

Koski¹,

Buchanan‐Smith²,

Ash³

et al. 2017

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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111

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Increasing evidence suggests that personality structure differs between species, but the evolutionary reasons for this variation are not fully understood. We built on earlier research on New World monkeys to further elucidate the evolution of personality structure in primates. We therefore examined personality in 100 family-reared adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) from three colonies on a 60-item questionnaire. Principal components analyses revealed five domains that were largely similar to those found in a previous study on captive, ex-pet, or formerly laboratory-housed marmosets that were housed in a sanctuary.The interrater reliabilities of domain scores were consistent with the interrater reliabilities of domain scores found in other species, including humans. Four domains---conscientiousness, agreeableness, inquisitiveness, and assertiveness---resembled personality domains identified in other nonhuman primates. The remaining domain, patience, was specific to common marmosets. We used linear models to test for sex and age differences in the personality domains. Males were lower than females in patience, and this difference was smaller in older marmosets. Older marmosets were lower in inquisitiveness. Finally, older males and younger females had higher scores in agreeableness than younger males and older females. These findings suggest that cooperative breeding may have promoted the evolution of social cognition and influenced the structure of marmoset prosocial personality characteristics.

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Subtypes of aggression and their relation to anxiety in Barbary macaques

Paschek

Müller

Heistermann

et al. 2018

Aggressive Behavior

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Human aggression can be differentiated into reactive aggression (RA), displayed in face of a real or perceived threat and associated with high levels of anxiety, and proactive aggression (PA), displayed to achieve a certain goal and linked to lower anxiety levels.To study the origins of these aggression subtypes and their relation to anxiety, we tested if both subtypes can be distinguished in a nonhuman primate species, characterized their occurrence within the study group, and examined the link between aggression subtype and anxiety. Data were collected on 29 individuals of a semi-free ranging group of Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) at Affenberg Salem, Germany, via focal animal (303 hr) and event sampling (1,222 agonistic events). Using a priori definitions, each aggressive event was classified as either reactive or proactive. We found both aggression types in our study population as well as individual differences in the proportion at which they occurred. The predominant use of one subtype of aggression was linked to the individual's dominance rank, age and sex, but not related to standard behavioral and physiological measures of anxiety. Our results suggest that reactive and proactive subtypes of aggression also exist in Barbary macaques, indicating a deeper evolutionary history of these aggression types observed in humans.

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Personality in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus): Temporal stability and social rank

Cited by 63 publications

References 51 publications

Comparative Personality Assessment of Three Captive Primate Species: Macaca nigra, Macaca sylvanus, and Saimiri sciureus

Comparative Personality Assessment of Three Captive Primate Species: Macaca nigra, Macaca sylvanus, and Saimiri sciureus

Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) personality.

Subtypes of aggression and their relation to anxiety in Barbary macaques

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