Personalized health and the coronavirus vaccines—Do individual genetics matter?

Abstract

Vaccines represent preventative interventions amenable to immunogenetic prediction of how human variability will influence their safety and efficacy. The genetic polymorphism among individuals within any population can render possible that the immunity elicited by a vaccine is variable in length and strength. The same immune challenge (virus and/or vaccine) could provoke partial, complete or even failed protection for some individuals treated under the same conditions. We review genetic variants and mechanistic relationships among chemokines, chemokine receptors, interleukins, interferons, interferon receptors, toll-like receptors, histocompatibility antigens, various immunoglobulins and major histocompatibility complex antigens. These are the targets for variation among macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T-and Blymphocytes, and complement. The technology platforms (mRNA, viral vectors, proteins) utilized to produce vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infections may each trigger genetically distinct immune reactogenic profiles. With DNA biobanking and immunoprofiling of recipients, global COVID-19 vaccinations could launch a new era of personalized healthcare.

Predictors for reactogenicity and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 following infection and mRNA vaccination: A regularized, mixed-effects modelling approach

“…Though recent work has demonstrated that higher binding antibodies correlate to higher neutralizing antibodies ( 13 ), expansive, multi-center longitudinal studies profiling the cellular and humoral response are needed. Comprehensive future work would benefit from characterizing immunogenetic determinants for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness ( 44 , 45 ) via a so-called “Adversomics” approach ( 46 ) and should include profiling of quantitative binding antibodies, neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies, memory B-cells, and T-cell responses, as immune protection appears to be contingent on all three tiers of the immune response ( 47 , 48 ).…”

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Its Receptor Binding Domain Promote a Proinflammatory Activation Profile on Human Dendritic Cells

“…Differences in the expression of ACE2 along the differentiation of human monocytes to mature DCs and inter-donor were found. DCs interaction with SARS-CoV-2 S protein is extremely relevant considering the current wide use of S protein-based vaccination protocols [ 19 ]. DCs maturation upon S protein binding is expected to be a key step to induce long-lasting immunity against this virus.…”

An overview of the vaccine platforms to combat COVID-19 with a focus on the subunit vaccines

“…The diversity and heterogeneity of the immune response to vaccines is still a potential issue in providing vaccines to the public ( Poland et al, 2007 ) . Public health vaccination policies can usually take the individual characteristics of age and disease comorbidity into account but rarely consider the genetic background ( Valdés-Fernández et al, 2021 ). The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has allowed obtaining individual genomic information fast and accurately ( Poland et al, 2007 ; Seib et al, 2009 ).…”