Perspective changing in WalCT and VR-WalCT: A gender difference study [WalCT – VR-WalCT: Gender differences]

Nori, Raffaella; Piccardi, Laura; Pelosi, Agnese; Luca, Danièle De; Frasca, Francesca; Giusberti, Fiorella

doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.015

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, if the route was characterized by positive landmarks, then as the ability to correctly remember sequences of positions (i.e., highest score at Corsi and Corsi reversed) increased, so did the accuracy at the route continuation task. This result was in line with several studies that indicate a positive correlation between performance at Corsi task and navigational skills [21,[36][37][38][39]. Similarly, the results showed that the faster the right-left discrimination task was performed, the more accurate the performance at the route continuation task was in both positive and neutral conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Relationship between Emotionally Laden Landmarks, Spatial Abilities, and Personality Traits: An Exploratory Study

2020

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Separate research lines have shown that the way we process spatial information is influenced by individual factors, such as personality traits and basic spatial abilities. Alongside, recent studies suggest that environmental landmarks can be represented differently depending on their emotional content. However, to our knowledge, no study has addressed so far the issue of whether there is a relationship between individual factors and the way we represent and use spatial information that conveys emotional content. Therefore, this exploratory study aimed to (i) investigate the relationship between personality traits and the use of spatial strategies in relation to emotional stimuli; (ii) investigate if a different pattern emerges according to a body- or object-based spatial encodings. After watching movies of routes characterized by positive, negative, or neutral landmarks, participants performed a “route continuation” (RC, i.e., left/right decision) and a “distance comparison” task (DC, i.e., what was the landmark closest to X?). Furthermore, participants performed a mental rotation task (MR), the Corsi block tapping (CBT), and the Bergen right-left discrimination tests (B-RL). Personality traits were assessed through the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI). Results showed that a better performance at the RC task was associated with higher scores at CBT tasks in the positive condition and at B-RL test and agreeableness scale from TIPI in both positive and neutral conditions. Instead, the MR task positively correlated with the DC task in all conditions. In sum, individuals’ spatial abilities, personality traits, and task requests influenced the way emotionally laden landmarks were memorized.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Relationship between Emotionally Laden Landmarks, Spatial Abilities, and Personality Traits: An Exploratory Study

2020

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“…Each participant was tested individually. We used an enlarged version of the WalCT (Piccardi et al, 2008 , 2013 ), that is the M-WalCT (used in Piccardi et al, 2011b , 2014 , 2016 ; Nori et al, 2015a , b ) in which 18 squares (3 × 3 cm) are placed on a carpet (5 × 6 m) in a scattered array (Figure 1A ). To induce route acquisition, the four cardinal points (i.e., North, South, East, West) are indicated outside the carpet.…”

Section: Apparatus and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Gender Differences in Egocentric and Allocentric Environmental Transformation After Compensating for Male Advantage by Manipulating Familiarity

Nori

Piccardi

Maialetti³

et al. 2018

Front. Neurosci.

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The present study has two-fold aims: to investigate whether gender differences persist even when more time is given to acquire spatial information; to assess the gender effect when the retrieval phase requires recalling the pathway from the same or a different reference perspective (egocentric or allocentric). Specifically, we analyse the performance of men and women while learning a path from a map or by observing an experimenter in a real environment. We then asked them to reproduce the learned path using the same reference system (map learning vs. map retrieval or real environment learning vs. real environment retrieval) or using a different reference system (map learning vs. real environment retrieval or vice versa). The results showed that gender differences were not present in the retrieval phase when women have the necessary time to acquire spatial information. Moreover, using the egocentric coordinates (both in the learning and retrieval phase) proved easier than the other conditions, whereas learning through allocentric coordinates and then retrieving the environmental information using egocentric coordinates proved to be the most difficult. Results showed that by manipulating familiarity, gender differences disappear, or are attenuated in all conditions.

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“…Moreover, gender differences have been found in spatial tasks (Coluccia and Louse, 2004 ; Iachini et al, 2005 ; Cimadevilla et al, 2011 ; Piccardi et al, 2011a , b ; Nori et al, 2015 ; León et al, 2016 ; Palmiero et al, 2016 ; Tascón et al, 2016 , 2017 ). It is important to highlight that dimorphism depends on the task difficulty level, disappearing with low and very high demands (Coluccia and Louse, 2004 ; Nori and Piccardi, 2011 ; León et al, 2014 ; Tascón et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to this, men and women are prone to use different strategies and spatial information to solve the same tasks (Coluccia and Louse, 2004 ; Driscoll et al, 2005 ; Woolley et al, 2010 ; Nori et al, 2015 ). In accordance with the Siegel and White's Model (see Siegel and White, 1975 ), the spatial CS corresponds to the type of information individuals select to navigate and orientate themselves in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Spatial Memory Recognition Due to Cognitive Style

et al. 2017

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Field independence refers to the ability to perceive details from the surrounding context as a whole and to represent the environment by relying on an internal reference frame. Conversely, field dependence individuals tend to focus their attention on single environmental features analysing them individually. This cognitive style affects several visuo-spatial abilities including spatial memory. This study assesses both the effect of field independence and field dependence on performance displayed on virtual environments of different complexity. Forty young healthy individuals took part in this study. Participants performed the Embedded Figures Test for field independence or dependence assessment and a new spatial memory recognition test. The spatial memory recognition test demanded to memorize a green box location in a virtual room picture. Thereafter, during ten trials participants had to decide if a green box was located in the same position as in the sample picture. Five of the pictures were correct. The information available in the virtual room was manipulated. Hence, two different experimental conditions were tested: a virtual room containing all landmarks and a virtual room with only two cues. Accuracy and reaction time were registered. Analyses demonstrated that higher field independent individuals were related to better spatial memory performance in two landmarks condition and were faster in all landmark condition. In addition, men and women did not differ in their performance. These results suggested that cognitive style affects spatial memory performance and this phenomenon is modulated by environment complexity. This does not affect accuracy but time spent. Moreover, field dependent individuals are unable to organize the navigational field by relying on internal reference frames when few landmarks are available, and this causes them to commit more errors.

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Perspective changing in WalCT and VR-WalCT: A gender difference study [WalCT – VR-WalCT: Gender differences]

Cited by 16 publications

References 60 publications

The Relationship between Emotionally Laden Landmarks, Spatial Abilities, and Personality Traits: An Exploratory Study

The Relationship between Emotionally Laden Landmarks, Spatial Abilities, and Personality Traits: An Exploratory Study

No Gender Differences in Egocentric and Allocentric Environmental Transformation After Compensating for Male Advantage by Manipulating Familiarity

Differences in Spatial Memory Recognition Due to Cognitive Style

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