Perspective on Broad-Acting Clinical Physiological Effects of Photobiomodulation

Shanks, Steven; Leisman, Gerry

doi:10.1007/5584_2018_188

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The sculpting of body fat has evolved toward increasingly less invasive techniques over the past century 1 . Classic surgical excision has given way to suction lipectomy, which in turn is now being replaced by even less invasive methods such as laser lipolysis 2 , radiofrequency therapy 3 , photobiomodulation (PBM) 4 , high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) 5 , 6 , cryolipolysis 7 , and the injection of lipolytic drugs (e.g., deoxycholic acid- a bile acid) 8 . These contemporary approaches are aimed at inducing adipocyte necrosis or apoptosis, or modulating systemic lipid metabolism 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical degradation and saponification of porcine adipose tissue

Pham

Stokolosa

Borden

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Body contouring achieved via subcutaneous adipose tissue reduction has notably advanced over the past century, from suction assisted lipectomy to techniques with reduced degrees of invasiveness including laser, radiofrequency, high frequency focused ultrasound, cryolipolysis, and drug-based injection approaches. These costly techniques have focused on damaging adipocyte cell membranes, hydrolyzing triglycerides (TGs), or inducing apoptosis. Here, we present a simple, low-cost technique, termed electrochemical lipolysis (ECLL). During ECLL, saline is injected into the subcutaneous adipose tissue, followed by insertion of needle electrodes and application of an electrical potential. Electrolysis of saline creates localized pH gradients that drive adipocyte death and saponification of TGs. Using pH mapping, various optical imaging techniques, and biochemical assays, we demonstrate the ability of ECLL to induce acid and base injury, cell death, and the saponification of triglycerides in ex vivo porcine adipose tissue. We define ECLL’s potential role as a minimally-invasive, ultra-low-cost technology for reducing and contouring adipose tissue, and present ECLL as a potential new application of an emerging electrochemical redox based treatment modality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical degradation and saponification of porcine adipose tissue

Pham

Stokolosa

Borden

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Non‐ablative laser therapies have been increasingly used in the aesthetic treatment of fine wrinkles, skin photoaging, and scars 13,14 . This therapy called photobiomodulation (PBM) refers to the use of photons, in a nonthermal irradiance, to alter the biological activity of cells and tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysaccharide‐rich hydrogel formulation combined with photobiomodulation repairs UV‐induced photodamage in mice skin

Neves

Parizotto

Tim

et al. 2020

Wound Repair Regeneration

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Prolonged skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces premature aging in both the epidermis and the dermis. Chronic exposure to UVR induces the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, activating c‐Jun, c‐Fos expression, and transcription factor of AP‐1 activating protein. AP‐1 activation results in the positive induction of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) synthesis, which degrade skin collagen fibers. Polysaccharides from the fruit of Lycium barbarum (LBP fraction) have a range of activities and have been demonstrate to repair the photodamage. In different approaches, laser application aims to recover the aged skin without destroying the epidermis, promoting a modulation, called photobiomodulation (PBM), which leads to protein synthesis and cell proliferation, favoring tissue repair. Here we developed a topical hydrogel formulation from a polysaccharide‐rich fraction of Lycium barbarum fruits (LBP). This formulation was associated with PBM (red laser) to evaluate whether the isolated and combined treatments would reduce the UVR‐mediated photodamage in mice skin. Hairless mice were photoaged for 6 weeks and then treated singly or in combination with LBP and PBM. Histological, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analyses were used to investigate the levels of c‐Fos, c‐Jun, MMP‐1, −2, and −9, collagen I, III, and FGF2. The combined regimen inhibited UVR‐induced skin thickening, decreased the expression of c‐Fos and c‐Jun, as well as MMP‐1, −2, and −9 and concomitantly increased the levels of collagen I, III, and FGF2. The PBM in combination with LBP treatment is a promising strategy for the repair of photodamaged skin, presenting potential clinical application in skin rejuvenation.

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“…Due to the very high energy demand of photoreceptors and their sensitivity to oxidative/nitrosative stress, mitochondria might be an innovative treatment target, and PBM is an obvious candidate [44]. PBM is evidently most suitable for tissues accessible to light stimulation, such as skin, mucosa, and the retina, but its more recent experimental applications also include inner organs, bones, the cochlea, and the brain [11,[54][55][56][57]. Near-infrared light is able to penetrate deep into tissues, as it is much less absorbed by tissue and hemoglobin than shorter wavelength light [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Photobiomodulation and Boldine as Alternative Treatment Options in Two Diabetic Retinopathy Models

García

Cadiz

Herrera

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Diabetic retinopathy causes progressive and irreversible damage to the retina through activation of inflammatory processes, overproduction of oxidative species, and glial reactivity, leading to changes in neuronal function and finally ischemia, edema, and hemorrhages. Current treatments are invasive and mostly applied at advanced stages, stressing the need for alternatives. To this end, we tested two unconventional and potentially complementary non-invasive treatment options: Photobiomodulation, the stimulation with near-infrared light, has shown promising results in ameliorating retinal pathologies and insults in several studies but remains controversial. Boldine, on the other hand, is a potent natural antioxidant and potentially useful to prevent free radical-induced oxidative stress. To establish a baseline, we first evaluated the effects of diabetic conditions on the retina with immunofluorescence, histological, and ultrastructural analysis in two diabetes model systems, obese LepRdb/db mice and organotypic retinal explants, and then tested the potential benefits of photobiomodulation and boldine treatment in vitro on retinal explants subjected to high glucose concentrations, mimicking diabetic conditions. Our results suggest that the principal subcellular structures affected by these conditions were mitochondria in the inner segment of photoreceptors, which displayed morphological changes in both model systems. In retinal explants, lactate metabolism, assayed as an indicator of mitochondrial function, was altered, and decreased photoreceptor viability was observed, presumably as a consequence of increased oxidative-nitrosative stress. The latter was reduced by boldine treatment in vitro, while photobiomodulation improved mitochondrial metabolism but was insufficient to prevent retinal structural damage caused by high glucose. These results warrant further research into alternative and complementary treatment options for diabetic retinopathy.

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Perspective on Broad-Acting Clinical Physiological Effects of Photobiomodulation

Cited by 11 publications

References 96 publications

Electrochemical degradation and saponification of porcine adipose tissue

Electrochemical degradation and saponification of porcine adipose tissue

Polysaccharide‐rich hydrogel formulation combined with photobiomodulation repairs UV‐induced photodamage in mice skin

Evaluation of Photobiomodulation and Boldine as Alternative Treatment Options in Two Diabetic Retinopathy Models

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