Perspective on the origin, resistance, and spread of the emerging human fungal pathogen Candida auris

Sharma, Cheshta; Kadosh, David

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011190

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The undetected spread of C. auris is thought to be due to misidentification using conventional phenotypic methods, as it is fairly similar to other Candida species (2,11,12). However, major advances have been made in identifying C. auris using selective media and molecular diagnostic tools (11,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The greatest threat that C. auris poses is that it has shown to be resistant to important life-saving antifungal therapies in healthcare, such as fluconazole, amphotericin B, and echinocandins (4,18,19). So far, five clades of C. auris with a common ancestor have been identified containing antimicrobial resistance mutations and have been linked with invasive infections (12). The genetic differences observed between the clades suggests that each clade emerged independently but simultaneously at different geographic locations (4,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genetic differences observed between the clades suggests that each clade emerged independently but simultaneously at different geographic locations ( 4 , 20 ). Furthermore, each clade has been found far from its point of origin in different continents ( 12 , 20 ). Clade I is generally associated with ear infections and is resistant to antifungal agents to a lesser degree ( 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, each clade has been found far from its point of origin in different continents ( 12 , 20 ). Clade I is generally associated with ear infections and is resistant to antifungal agents to a lesser degree ( 12 ). However, Clade II, III, IV and V have all shown resistance to fluconazole, cross resistance to amphotericin B and echinocandins, and some strains are pan-resistant ( 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clade I is generally associated with ear infections and is resistant to antifungal agents to a lesser degree ( 12 ). However, Clade II, III, IV and V have all shown resistance to fluconazole, cross resistance to amphotericin B and echinocandins, and some strains are pan-resistant ( 12 ). Pan-resistance indicates that it is not susceptible to any clinically available antimicrobials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skin and hard surface disinfection against Candida auris – What we know today

Omardien,

Teska

2024

Front. Med.

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Candida auris has emerged as a global healthcare threat, displaying resistance to important healthcare antifungal therapies. Infection prevention and control protocols have become paramount in reducing transmission of C. auris in healthcare, of which cleaning and disinfection plays an important role. Candida albicans is used as a surrogate yeast for yeasticidal claims of disinfection products, but reports have been made that sensitivity to disinfectants by C. auris differs from its surrogate. In this review, we aimed to compile the information reported for products used for skin and hard surface disinfection against C. auris in its planktonic or biofilm form. A comparison was made with other Candida species, and information were gathered from laboratory studies and observations made in healthcare settings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skin and hard surface disinfection against Candida auris – What we know today

Omardien,

Teska

2024

Front. Med.

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The Candida auris Infection After the COVID‐19 Pandemic Seems to be an Urgent Public Health Emergency: A Call to Attention

Rahman,

Victoros,

Shanjana

et al. 2024

Health Science Reports

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Background and AimsInconsequential diseases can sometimes become extremely dangerous through mutation. Antifungal resistance has increased by 24%, and resistance only due to Candida auris (C. auris) species have increased by 60%. Here, we aimed to assess the knowledge of antifungal treatment and preventative measures to mitigate the consequences of infections caused by C. auris.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive literature search and gathered information for this review from publicly available published articles. We used C. auris, C. auris infection, mycoses, and antifungal resistance as search terms in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. We extracted the relevant information from the available article after careful evaluation.ResultsThe genus C. auris was especially difficult to diagnose, as it was often mistaken for other types of yeast and led to incorrect treatment. The only effective method for diagnosing C. auris is through blood culture testing in laboratories and PCR tests. Because of its mutation, C. auris has grown increasingly resistant to all three classes of antifungals, with almost all strains resistant to fluconazole. These resistances were traced back to multiple‐point mutations in certain genes, such as ERG11 in the case of fluconazole and amphotericin B. In addition, C. auris is phylogenetically related to C. haemulonii, an emerging pathogen notably resistant to antifungals. So, it may be an evolutionary resistance that occurred earlier but has only begun to spread now. Echinoderm, a reliable treatment for C. auris infections showed ineffectively against FKS1 and ERG3 gene mutated Candida strains. Newly developed antifungal agents, like Ibrexafungerp, showed promising results against echinocandin‐resistant strains in clinical trials.ConclusionWithout vaccines and effective treatment, its capacity to mutate and spread has detrimental effects on humans. Therefore, extensive research on drug development, quick, reliable diagnosis, and effective strategies for disease prevention and treatment are required to mitigate the health impact of C. auris.

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