Perspectives on tubulin isotype function and evolution based on the observation that <i>Tetrahymena thermophila</i> microtubules contain a single α‐ and β‐tubulin

Gaertig, Jacek; Thatcher, Thomas H.; McGrath, Kathleen E.; Callahan, Rosemary C.; Gorovsky, Martin A.

doi:10.1002/cm.970250305

Cited by 79 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The results indicated a striking agreement between a number of published phylogenies. Gaertig et al (1993) cloned and sequenced the two β-tubulin genes of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. These two genes encode identical 443 amino acid peptides which are 99.7% identical to the β-tubulin proteins of T. pyriformis and 95% identical to the human β1-tubulin.…”

Section: Tubulin Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T. thermophila contains only one α-tubulin gene, implying that all of the diverse MT structures in this unicellular organism must be formed from a single α and a single β-tubulin heterodimer. Additionally, Gaertig et al (1993) also carried out a phylogenetic analysis of 84 complete β-tubulin peptide sequences. This analysis supports the following two hypotheses regarding β-tubulin evolution and function: (a) that multifunctional β-tubulins are under greater evolutionary constraint than β-tubulins present in specialized cells or in cells with very few MT-related functions, which can evolve rapidly; and (b) that cells which form axonemes maintain a homogeneous population of tubulins.…”

Section: Tubulin Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evolution of the structure of tubulin and its potential consequences for the role and function of microtubules in cells and embryos

et al. 2006

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This paper discusses the results of homology modeling and resulting calculation of key structural and physical properties for close to 300 tubulin sequences, including α α α α α, β β β β β, γ γ γ γ γ, δ δ δ δ δ and ε ε ε ε ε -tubulins. The basis for our calculations was the structure of the tubulin dimer In addition to the general structural trends between tubulin isoforms, we have observed that the carboxy-termini of α α α α α and β β β β β-tubulin exists in at least two stable configurations, either projecting away from the tubulin (or microtubule) surface, or collapsed onto the surface. In the latter case, the carboxy-termini form a lattice distinctly different from that of the well-known A and B lattices formed by the tubulin subunits. However, this C-terminal lattice is indistinguishable from the lattice formed when the microtubule-associated protein tau binds to the microtubule surface. Finally, we have discussed how tubulin sequence diversity arose in evolution giving rise to its particular phylogeny and how it may be used in cell-and tissue-specific expression including embryonal development.

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Section: Tubulin Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tubulin Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of the structure of tubulin and its potential consequences for the role and function of microtubules in cells and embryos

et al. 2006

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“…The BTU1 gene is one of two coexpressed genes encoding the major ␤-tubulin of T. thermophila (33,34). BTU1 mRNA is highly abundant and ␤-tubulin makes up about 2-3% of the total Tetrahymena cell protein (35).…”

Section: Overexpression Of An Ich Surface Antigen Gene Driven By the mentioning

confidence: 99%

A robust inducible-repressible promoter greatly facilitates gene knockouts, conditional expression, and overexpression of homologous and heterologous genes in Tetrahymena thermophila

Shang

Song

Bowen

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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211

239

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The Cd 2؉ -inducible metallothionein (MTT1) gene was cloned from Tetrahymena thermophila. Northern blot analysis showed that MTT1 mRNA is not detectable in the absence of Cd 2؉ , is induced within 10 min of its addition, is expressed in proportion to its concentration, and rapidly disappears upon its withdrawal. Similarly, when the neo1 gene coding region flanked by the MTT1 gene noncoding sequences was used to disrupt the MTT1 locus, no transformants were observed in the absence of Cd 2؉ , and the number of transformants was proportional to increased Cd 2؉ concentration. The neo3 cassette, in which the MTT1 promoter replaced the histone gene HHF1 promoter of the previously used neo2 cassette, transformed cells at much higher frequencies than neo2 and produced germ-line knockouts where neo2 had failed. Rescuing the progeny of a mating of ␥-tubulin gene, GTU1, knockout heterokaryons with a GTU1 gene inserted into the MTT1 locus yielded >75 times more transformants than rescuing with the wild-type GTU1 gene itself. When cells rescued with the MTT1-GTU1 chimeric gene were transferred to medium lacking Cd 2؉ , they stopped growing and had phenotypic changes indistinguishable from cells containing only disrupted GTU1 genes. Thus, it is now possible to create conditional lethal mutants and study the terminal phenotypes of null mutations for essential genes by replacing the endogenous gene with one under the control of the MTT1 promoter. The MTT1 promoter also resulted in Ϸ30 times more overexpression of the IAG48[G1] surface antigen gene of the ciliate fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis than the highly expressed BTU1 promoter, accounting for Ϸ1% of the total cell protein. Thus, the MTT1 promoter should enable routine over-expression of endogenous and foreign genes in Tetrahymena.

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“…Tetrahymena is a protozoan ciliate exhibiting highly differentiated microtubule networks in combination with small tubulin gene families [25,26]. In a previous paper, we have described the characterization of the TpCCTy and its coexpression with tubulin during cilia biogenesis [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tetrahymena chaperonin subunit CCTη gene is coexpressed with CCTγ gene during cilia biogenesis and cell sexual reproduction

Cyrne¹,

Guerreiro²,

Cardoso³

et al. 1996

FEBS Letters

456

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Perspectives on tubulin isotype function and evolution based on the observation that Tetrahymena thermophila microtubules contain a single α‐ and β‐tubulin

Cited by 79 publications

References 54 publications

The evolution of the structure of tubulin and its potential consequences for the role and function of microtubules in cells and embryos

The evolution of the structure of tubulin and its potential consequences for the role and function of microtubules in cells and embryos

A robust inducible-repressible promoter greatly facilitates gene knockouts, conditional expression, and overexpression of homologous and heterologous genes in Tetrahymena thermophila

The Tetrahymena chaperonin subunit CCTη gene is coexpressed with CCTγ gene during cilia biogenesis and cell sexual reproduction

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