“…They are also hydrophilic with water contact angles of 0-36° (Duan et al, 2016b(Duan et al, , 2016aMašek and Diblikova, 2018;Siyal et al, 2021), which is beneficial for low fouling propensity in the membrane applications (Le and Nunes, 2016). Consequently, AAMs have been studied as ceramic-like membranes (both self-supporting and supported) for the removal suspended solids from water (Xu et al, 2019(Xu et al, , 2015, oil/water separation (He et al, 2021;Mohammadi and Mohammadi, 2017), methylene blue removal (Daud et al, 2021), Cr(III) removal (Chen et al, 2020), Ni(II) removal (Ge et al, 2015), and pervaporation of water/ethanol (Subaer et al, 2020). Based on the applied pressures in the above-listed studies, AAM-based membranes fall into the micro-or ultrafiltration categories.…”