Pesticide residues in cropland soils and shallow groundwater in Punjab Pakistan

Jabbar, Abdul; Sz, Masud; Parveen, Zakia; Ali, Muhammad Amjad

doi:10.1007/bf00198891

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Endosulfan has been reported as having a low pollution likelihood [36], but other factors such as soil characteristics, shallow water tables and intensive spraying [24,32,37], could explain its relatively frequent detection in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Contamination of rural surface and ground water by endosulfan in farming areas of the Western Cape, South Africa

et al. 2003

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BackgroundIn South Africa there is little data on environmental pollution of rural water sources by agrochemicals.MethodsThis study investigated pesticide contamination of ground and surface water in three intensive agricultural areas in the Western Cape: the Hex River Valley, Grabouw and Piketberg. Monitoring for endosulfan and chlorpyrifos at low levels was conducted as well as screening for other pesticides.ResultsThe quantification limit for endosulfan was 0.1 μg/L. Endosulfan was found to be widespread in ground water, surface water and drinking water. The contamination was mostly at low levels, but regularly exceeded the European Drinking Water Standard of 0.1 μg/L. The two most contaminated sites were a sub-surface drain in the Hex River Valley and a dam in Grabouw, with 0.83 ± 1.0 μg/L (n = 21) and 3.16 ± 3.5 μg/L (n = 13) average endosulfan levels respectively. Other pesticides including chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl, fenarimol, iprodione, deltamethrin, penconazole and prothiofos were detected. Endosulfan was most frequently detected in Grabouw (69%) followed by Hex River (46%) and Piketberg (39%). Detections were more frequent in surface water (47%) than in groundwater (32%) and coincided with irrigation, and to a lesser extent, to spraying and trigger rains. Total dietary endosulfan intake calculated from levels found in drinking water did not exceed the Joint WHO/FAO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) criteria.ConclusionThe study has shown the need for monitoring of pesticide contamination in surface and groundwater, and the development of drinking water quality standards for specific pesticides in South Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Contamination of rural surface and ground water by endosulfan in farming areas of the Western Cape, South Africa

et al. 2003

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“…Of all pesticides used in Pakistan,[65% are applied on cotton, while others are used on crops such as rice, sugarcane, maize, fruits, vegetable, and tobacco (Economic Survey of Pakistan 2005Pakistan -2006. To our knowledge, few studies have assessed OCP residues in various environmental compartments from Pakistan (Jabbar et al 1993;Tehseen et al 1994;Munshi et al 2004;Saqib et al 2005;Tariq et al 2007;Malik et al 2010). However, there is no information available regarding OCP concentrations in sediments of River Chenab, which is one of the largest rivers of the Indus Basin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The level and distribution of selected organochlorine pesticides in sediments from River Chenab, Pakistan

Eqani

Malik

Mohammad

2010

Environ Geochem Health

110

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Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), viz. β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), γ-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, endosulfan-I, endosulfan-II, heptachlor endoepoxide, heptachlor exoepoxide, mirex, dicofol, o,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (o,p'-DDT), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethylene (DDE) and 12 other physicochemical parameters were measured in surface sediments from River Chenab during two sampling seasons (summer and winter, 2007) to evaluate spatial and temporal trends of sediment pollution. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis identified three groups of sites based on spatial similarities in physicochemical parameters and OCP residual concentrations. Spatial discriminant function analysis (DFA) segregated 14 parameters, viz. dicofol, endosulfan-I, heptachlor endoepoxide, dieldrin, DDD, DDE, endosulfan-II, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Cl⁻¹, total P (%), and silt, which explained 96% of total variance between spatial groups. γ-HCH was the most frequently detected (63%) pesticide, followed by DDD (56%). The ratio of DDTs to their metabolites indicated current input and anaerobic biodegradation. Temporal DFA highlighted aldrin, heptachlor endoepoxide, Cl⁻¹, total P, and EC as important variables which caused variations between summer and winter. DDTs were relatively more prevalent as compared to other OCPs in the sediments samples during both seasons. DDT metabolites were detected at greater frequencies and concentrations in winter, whereas DDT isomers were more prevalent in summer sediment samples. Factor analysis identified agricultural and industrial activities as major sources of sediment OCP contamination. Concentrations of γ-HCH, heptachlor endoepoxide, dieldrin, and DDTs (isomers and metabolites) in all sediment samples were well above interim sediment quality guidelines (ISQGs) and probable effect limits (PEL) given by Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines (CSQGs).

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“…Pesticides were found in drinking water resources (Ahad et al 2000(Ahad et al , 2006Tariq et al 2003) and surface soils and sediments collected from different areas of Pakistan. Jabbar et al (1993) estimated pesticide residues in cropland soils and shallow groundwater in Punjab, Pakistan. DDT, DDE, and HCH were measured in blood samples and fat tissues samples collected from hospital patients of Quetta City of Baluchistan Province, Pakistan (Krawinkel et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine residual concentrations in cattle egret from the Punjab Province, Pakistan

Malik

Rauf

Mohammad

et al. 2010

Environ Monit Assess

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In this study, residual concentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the sediments, prey, and eggs of Bubulcus ibis were measured from three breeding heronries from the Punjab province of Pakistan. Pattern of contamination in eggs followed the order: DDTs>HCHs>heptachlor>aldrin. Overall, pesticide residual concentrations were greater in eggs of cattle egrets collected from heronry on the River Ravi. Among HCHs, γ-HCH was more prevalent in eggs, whereas DDTs followed the order: DDD>DDE>p,p'-DDT>o,p'-DDT. Eggshell thinning was detected which showed negative relationship with residual concentration of DDE. In prey samples, residual concentration of POPs followed the order: DDTs>HCHs>dicofol>heptachlor; however, contamination pattern in sediments followed a slightly different order: DDTs>heptachlor>dicofol>HCHs>dieldrin>aldrin. Concentration of β-HCH was more prevalent in sediments and comparatively greater concentrations of POPs were measured in sediments collected from the River Ravi. Dicofol was found for the very first time in the biological samples from Pakistan, and its concentration was measured as relatively high in eggs from heronry from the River Chenab. Residual concentrations measured in eggs were below the levels that could affect egret populations. Biomagnification of the total OCPs through the food chain was evident in three breeding heronries. The concentration of DDE measured in eggs of the cattle egret suggests the need for monitoring this contaminant in other bird species at different trophic levels.

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Pesticide residues in cropland soils and shallow groundwater in Punjab Pakistan

Cited by 32 publications

References 1 publication

Contamination of rural surface and ground water by endosulfan in farming areas of the Western Cape, South Africa

Contamination of rural surface and ground water by endosulfan in farming areas of the Western Cape, South Africa

The level and distribution of selected organochlorine pesticides in sediments from River Chenab, Pakistan

Organochlorine residual concentrations in cattle egret from the Punjab Province, Pakistan

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