Pesticides

Abstract

This review covers the literature on pesticide analysis abstracted and/or published in the period between December 1, 1990 and December 1, 1992. The major sources of information were the primary abstracting journals Chemical Abstracts and Analytical Abstracts. Journals that were searched directly include Journal of the AO AC International, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Analytical Chemistry, Analyst, Chromatographia, and Journal of Chromatography (including its bibliography issues). The review is devoted mainly to methods for the determination of residues of pesticides in a wide variety of sample matrices. Areas that are included are listed in the Review Contents. Some coverage is given to the analysis of related industrial chemicals, such as PCBs dioxins, and furans, but pesticide formulation analysis is not reviewed. The attempt was made to choose only the most important publications describing significant advances in methodology, instrumentation, and applications that would be readily available to readers of this journal. Abstract citations are given for references from the more obscure journals and those not published in English. Abbreviations used throughout this review are listed in Table I. Pesticide abbreviations, common names, and trade names are used according to the Pesticide Dictionary of the Farm Chemicals Handbook '92, Meister Publishing Co., Willoughby, OH.Multiresidue methods are used by federal (FDA, USDA, EPA) and state regulatory and monitoring laboratories to analyze a range of pesticide classes in a variety of sample matrices. Multiresidue and single residue methods generally consis tof the following basic steps: extraction of the analyte(s) from the sample matrix; cleanup to remove interfering coextractants; conversion of the analyte to a readily analyzed derivative (if needed); separation of the analytes from each otheT and any remaining interferences, usually by GC or HPLC; detection; quantification by comparison of the detector response of the sample to that of standards; and confirmation of results using an ancillary method, such as MS. Among the more widely used MRMs and SMRMs (which are suitable for pesticides of only a single class) are those of Mills; Mills, Onley, and Gaither; Storherr; Luke; and Krause (1). The Luke method, which involves an aqueous acetone Joseph Sherma received a B.S In chemistry from Upsala College, East Orange. NJ, In 1958 and a Ph.D. in analytical chemistry from Rutgers University in 1958. His thesis research in ion exchange chromatography was under the direction of the late Wm. Rieman III. Dr. Sherma joined the faculty of Lafayette College in Sept 1958 and is presently John D.& Frances H. Larkin Professor and Head of the Department of Chemistry and is in charge of three courses in analytical chemistry. Dr. Sherma independently and with others has written or edited over 370 papers, chapters, books, and reviews covering chromatographic andanalytical methods. His current research Interests are ...

Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides Using Potentiometric Enzymatic Membrane Biosensor Based on Methylcellulose Immobilization

“…Conventional methods for OPs determination are gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) coupled with different detectors and spectral techniques. 4,5 However, these techniques are time-consuming and costly, and have to be operated by well-trained technicians, which limit the actual demand for detection of OPs in agricultural products.…”

Optimization of Methods of Lactate Determination in Wine by Amperometric Enzyme Biosensor

“…Ñó÷àñí³ çàãàëüíî-ïðèéíÿò³ ìåòîäè âèñîêîòî÷íîãî âèçíà÷åííÿ âàaeêèõ ìåòàë³â, òàê³ ÿê ãàçîâà òà ð³äèííà õðî-ìàòîãðàô³¿, ñïåêòðîôîòîìåòð³ÿ, ð³çíîìàí³òí³ õ³ì³÷í³ òà ô³çè÷í³ ìåòîäè, ïîòðåáóþòü íàÿâ-íîñò³ êâàë³ô³êîâàíîãî ïåðñîíàëó òà ñêëàäíîãî ³ äîðîãîãî îáëàäíàííÿ [6]. Ùå îäíèì íåäîë³-êîì íàâåäåíèõ ìåòîä³â àíàë³çó º íåîáõ³äí³ñòü ó ñêëàäí³é ïîïåðåäí³é ï³äãîòîâö³ ïðîá, ùî âèìà-ãຠâåëèêèõ çàòðàò ÷àñó òà êîøò³â.…”

Developing a continuous flow-square wave voltammetry method for determination of atrazine in soil solutions using the hanging mercury drop electrode

“…5,9,10 Because chromatographic methods based on GC or HPLC are very sensitive and allow the separation of analogous compounds to be accomplished, they have been used for determination of atrazine and its metabolites in environmental samples. [11][12][13] However, these methods use sophisticated instruments, as well toxic and high cost organic solvents, generating significant amounts mobile phase residues. In comparison with chromatography, electroanalytical techniques are faster and the instruments are less expensive, although individual determination of mixture components is not so straightforward as in chromatographic methods.…”