Petrodollar Recycling

Abstract

This essay xamines how Pan-Africanism evolved as a variety of ideas, activities, organisations, and movements that resisted the exploitation and oppression of all those of African heritage, opposed the ideologies of racism, and celebrated African achievement and being African. It describes the manifold visions and approaches of Pan-Africanism and Pan-Africanists as a belief in the unity, common history, and common purpose of the peoples of Africa and the African diaspora, and the idea that their destinies are interconnected. Such perspectives may be traced back to ancient times, but Pan-Africanist thought and action is principally connected with, and provoked by, the modern dispersal of Africans resulting from the trafficking of captives across the Atlantic to the Americas, as well as elsewhere, from the end of the fifteenth century. This 'forced migration', the largest in history, and the creation of the African diaspora were accompanied by the emergence of global capitalism, European colonial rule, and racism.