Petrography, provenance, diaganesis and depositional environment of Murree Formation in Jhelum Valley, Sub Himalayas, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

Petrography and Lithofacies of the Siwalik Group in the Core of Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis: Implications for Middle Stage Himalayan Orogeny and Paleoclimatic Conditions

“…The Rawalpindi Group of the Miocene age, which is older than the Siwalik Group, is comprised of the Murree and Kamlial Formations. The Early Miocene Murree Formation was deposited in the Himalayan Foreland Basin by a river meandering system [2,20]. The detritus of rock fragments includes igneous and stratified (sedimentary and metamorphic) rocks, indicating that rock fragments are derived from various sources (Figure 6d).…”

“…In Pakistan, its lower contact is conformable with the Rawalpindi Group (e.g., Muree Formation and Kamlial Formation), whereas its upper contact with the Lei Conglomerate/Mirpur Conglomerate is unconformable. Different researchers have worked on Himalayan molasses deposits in different parts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, including Najman, Garzanti, Pringle, Bickle, Stix and Khan [1], Ashraf and Chaudhary [14], Bossart, et al [15], Critelli and Garzanti [16], Javed, et al [17], Iqbal, et al [18], Abbasi and Khan [19], Zaheer, et al [20], Abbasi [21], Zaleha [22], Mustafa, et al [23], Aadil [24], and Khan, et al [25]. Apart from these, various other researchers have also worked on the Siwalik Group rocks of other parts of the Sub-Himalayas in India and Nepal, including Singh [26], Ghosh and Kumar [27], Sanyal, et al [28], Kundu, et al [29], Goswami and Deopa [7], Debnath, et al [30], Sigdel and Sakai [31], Syangbo and Tamrakar [32], and Rai, et al [33].…”

Provenance, diagenesis, and depositional environment of Miocene Kamlial Formation, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Sub Himalayas, Pakistan: Evidences from field observations and petrography

“…A study conducted by Ref. [ 19 ] investigated the petrography, provenance, and depositional environment of Murree sandstone in Jhelum Valley, district Hattian, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. [ 20 ] has examined the petrography and geochemistry of the Kamlial Formation in the southern Kohat Plateau, Pakistan.…”