Petroleum and Coal

Isolation and Characterization of the Saturate and Aromatic Fractions of a Maya Crude Oil

“…Since the properties of polyaromatic sulfur compounds are very similar to those of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, finding a suitable isolation procedure is a formidable task. In an effort to successfully isolate sulfur-containing compounds, Nishioka et al − have developed a unique separation method based on the saturates-aromatics-resins-asphaltenes (SARA) approach − followed by ligand exchange chromatography (LEC) using PdCl 2 and CuCl 2 on silica gel columns. These results have shown that the ligand exchange of sulfur compounds with PdCl 2 depends on their Lewis basicity.…”

Analytical Chemistry of Element Determination (Non‐Nuclear and Nuclear)

“…Applications reviews cover targeted materials while in alternating years fundamental reviews deal with specific analytical techniques (the latter are referenced in later sections in this chapter on specific techniques). The following are several of the most recent (1991 to 2002) applications reviews in Analytical Chemistry on biological, environmental and related materials: Anderson (coordinator) (1999) Clinical chemistry; Mansfield et al (1999) Petroleum and coal; Fox (1999) Air pollution; Richardson (1999) Water analysis; Clement and Yang (1999) Environmental analysis; Lipschutz et al (1999) Geochemical and cosmochemical materials;MacCarthy et al (1995) Water analysis;Chang et al (1995) Food;Clement et al (1991Clement et al ( ,, 1995Clement et al ( , 1997aClement et al ( , 1999 Environmental analysis; Jackson et al (1995) Geological and inorganic materials; Sithole (1995) Pulp and Paper; Anderson and Van Lente (coordinators) (1995) Clinical chemistry; Jackson et al (1991Jackson et al ( , 1993 Equally impressively comprehensive reviews on atomic spectrometric techniques appear regularly in the Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry; these are referred to in appropriate determinative technique sections in this chapter. Other reviews in this journal target materials and emphasize various atomic spectrometric techniques for their analyses.…”

Direct Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Solid Coal Samples Using Laser Desorption/Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

“…A detailed investigation of reactive organic molecules, contained in coal and its related products, can be accomplished by means of mass spectrometry. In most cases, this demands for a coal preparation, by either extraction or conversion of the complex coal matrix by, for example, pyrolysis. − Hence, most mass spectrometric investigations to understand the native coal structure and its contained molecules were conducted by analyzing coal extracts, coal pyrolysis oils, or tars. − In most cases, ionization techniques, such as electrospray ionization (ESI), − atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and photoionization (APPI), were applied for these investigations. Furthermore, the application of laser desorption/ionization (LDI), − its matrix-assisted pendant (MALDI), , or a combination of various ionization methods ,,− proved to be helpful to analyze coal-related liquids.…”