Petrological insights into the storage conditions, and magmatic processes that yielded the centennial 2010 Merapi explosive eruption

Costa, Fidel; Andreastuti, Supriyati; Maisonneuve, C. Bouvet de; Pallister, John S.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.12.025

Cited by 141 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Mineral equilibria in lavas and pyroclastic rocks also reveal a major magma storage region at mid-to lowercrustal levels (14-19 km) (Gertisser 2001), corroborated by estimates of amphibole crystallisation depths Nadeau et al 2013). Petrological data, which elucidate the magma storage conditions prior to the 2006 and 2010 eruptions, demonstrate that there were multiple zones of crystallisation at depths throughout the crust prior to both eruptions (Costa et al 2013;Preece et al 2013;Troll et al 2013;Preece 2014). Geophysical data also suggest the presence of multiple magma storage regions at Merapi.…”

Section: Merapi Magmatic System and Volatilesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Beauducel and Cornet 1999;Ratdomopurbo and Poupinet 2000;Gertisser 2001;Chadwick et al 2007Chadwick et al , 2013Costa et al 2013). Evidence for this comes from both petrological and geophysical studies.…”

Section: Merapi Magmatic System and Volatilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work has concluded that effusive volcanism at Merapi is accompanied by open-system degassing, with most of the degassing occurring within the conduit during ascent or during magma residence in a shallow magma chamber below the summit (Le Pennec et al 2001;Le Cloarec and Gauthier 2003). Evidence of a deeper gas and magma supply to this shallower system has been reported, with inputs of deep, undegassed magma into the shallower, degassing reservoir (Gauthier and Condomines 1999;Le Cloarec and Gauthier 2003;Costa et al 2013). For example, volcanic gases are enriched in S compared to modelled volatile phases, attributed to a deeper, reduced, mafic magma supplying S to the shallow magmatic system (Nadeau et al 2010(Nadeau et al , 2013.…”

Section: Merapi Magmatic System and Volatilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major element composition of clinopyroxene host crystals was measured alongside that of other pyroxene (Table 2) 2006 Merapi clinopyroxenes, for which concentrations of 2-8 wt% and 1.5-6.5 wt% Al 2 O 3 are reported (Costa et al 2013). In comparison, the 2006 clinopyroxene samples analysed here generally encompass a more restricted range, with 1.4-3.8 wt% Al 2 O 3 , and a single analysis recording an elevated Al 2 O 3 content of 6.7 wt% (Fig.…”

Section: Clinopyroxene Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre- and syn-eruptive degassing and crystallisation processes of the 2010 and 2006 eruptions of Merapi volcano, Indonesia

Preece

Gertisser

Barclay

et al. 2014

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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clasts resulting from sub-plinian convective column collapse. This paper presents geochemical data for melt inclusions and their clinopyroxene hosts extracted from dense dome lava, grey scoria and white pumice generated during the peak of the 2010 eruption. These are compared with clinopyroxenehosted melt inclusions from scoriaceous dome fragments from the prolonged dome-forming 2006 eruption, to elucidate any relationship between pre-eruptive degassing and crystallisation processes and eruptive style. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of volatiles (H 2 O, CO 2 ) and light lithophile elements (Li, B, Be) is augmented by electron microprobe analysis of major elements and volatiles (Cl, S, F) in melt inclusions and groundmass glass. Geobarometric analysis shows that the clinopyroxene phenocrysts crystallised at depths of up to 20 km, with the greatest calculated depths associated with phenocrysts from the white pumice. Based on their volatile contents, melt inclusions have reequilibrated during shallower storage and/or ascent, at depths of ~0.6-9.7 km, where the Merapi magma system is interpreted to be highly interconnected and not formed of discrete magma reservoirs. Melt inclusions enriched in Li show uniform "buffered" Cl concentrations, indicating the presence of an exsolved brine phase. Boron-enriched inclusions also support the presence of a brine phase, which helped to stabilise B in the melt. Calculations based on S concentrations in melt inclusions and groundmass glass require a degassing melt volume of 0.36 km 3 in order to produce the mass of SO 2 emitted during the 2010 eruption. This volume is approximately an order of magnitude higher than the erupted magma (DRE) volume. The transition between the contrasting eruptive styles in 2010 and 2006 is linked to changes in magmatic flux and changes in degassing style, with the explosive activity in 2010 driven by an influx of deep magma, which overwhelmed the shallower magma system and ascended rapidly, accompanied by closed-system degassing. AbstractThe 2010 eruption of Merapi (VEI 4) was the volcano's largest since 1872. In contrast to the prolonged and effusive dome-forming eruptions typical of Merapi's recent activity, the 2010 eruption began explosively, before a new dome was rapidly emplaced. This new dome was subsequently destroyed by explosions, generating pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), predominantly consisting of dark coloured, dense blocks of basaltic andesite dome lava. A shift towards open-vent conditions in the later stages of the eruption culminated in multiple explosions and the generation of PDCs with conspicuous grey scoria and white pumice Communicated by O. Müntener. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article

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Section: Merapi Magmatic System and Volatilesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Merapi Magmatic System and Volatilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Merapi Magmatic System and Volatilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinopyroxene Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre- and syn-eruptive degassing and crystallisation processes of the 2010 and 2006 eruptions of Merapi volcano, Indonesia

Preece

Gertisser

Barclay

et al. 2014

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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“…Costa et al, 2013;Dahren et al, 2012;Keiding & Sigmarsson, 2012) han confirmado que este tipo de cálculos permite obtener información detallada sobre la evolución y funcionamiento del sistema magmático durante la diferenciación, incluidos aquellos que tienen lugar en sistema abierto, como la asimilación o la mezcla de magmas, y que son esenciales para perfilar cualquier modelo petrogenético. De hecho, como han demostrado otro tipo de estudios, contar con información sobre la evolución de la paragénesis mineral permite cuantificar con mayor precisión los procesos de diferenciación (ver p.ej.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Condiciones de cristalización y diferenciación de las lavas del volcán El Metate (Campo Volcánico de Michoacán-Guanajuato, México)

Losantos¹,

Cebriá²,

Morán-Zenteno³

et al. 2014

Estud. geol.

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Posteruptive impacts of pyroclastic deposits from basaltic andesite stratovolcanoes on surface water composition

et al. 2016

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Volcanic ash deposition following explosive eruptions can pose significant hazards for water quality, human health, agriculture, and infrastructure functionality. Many studies have examined how fresh ash deposition may lower the pH of, and introduce a range of potentially toxic elements into, exposed surface waters. However, no study has yet determined the effects on water composition as a result of mechanical pyroclast disaggregation and production of new fresh particle surfaces and increasingly fine grained particles. Such disaggregation could result from natural posteruptive processes such as debris avalanches, lahars, or fluvial/aeolian transport and human activities such as cleanup efforts or mining of pyroclastic deposits. The posteruption time scales of pyroclast disaggregation may vary from months in moist tropical or temperate environments to years or decades in arid settings. Here we show, for the first time in experimental studies, that mechanical milling of pyroclasts will introduce a range of elements into exposed waters, including Al, which can be toxic at elevated levels, and Na, which increases the electrical conductivity of solutions. The pH of leaching solutions also increases by several log units. Such dramatic changes on the experimental scale may have implications for surface water composition in posteruptive settings, necessitating longer‐term risk assessments for ecosystem health and consideration of the role of pyroclastic deposits in element cycling in volcanically active regions.

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Petrological insights into the storage conditions, and magmatic processes that yielded the centennial 2010 Merapi explosive eruption

Cited by 141 publications

References 56 publications

Pre- and syn-eruptive degassing and crystallisation processes of the 2010 and 2006 eruptions of Merapi volcano, Indonesia

Pre- and syn-eruptive degassing and crystallisation processes of the 2010 and 2006 eruptions of Merapi volcano, Indonesia

Condiciones de cristalización y diferenciación de las lavas del volcán El Metate (Campo Volcánico de Michoacán-Guanajuato, México)

Posteruptive impacts of pyroclastic deposits from basaltic andesite stratovolcanoes on surface water composition

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