Petrophysical Evaluation for Enhancing Hydraulic Stimulation in Horizontal Shale Gas Wells

Buller, Dan; Hughes, Simon; Market, Jennifer; Petre, James Erik; Spain, David R.; Odumosu, Tobi

doi:10.2118/132990-ms

Cited by 91 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…However, the accuracy of this relation is doubtful, due to the complex shale mineralogy, because each mineral has its own mechanical properties (Table 3). Buller et al [21] further improved this brittleness index formula by adding the contribution of each mineral's mechanical properties. This formula reveals different influences of different clay minerals on shale rock's brittleness.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Clay-abundant Shale Formationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brittleness Measuring Formula References Remarks M n = Mineral, a = specific brittleness factor, b = mineral distribution factor [21] Consider each mineral's mechanical properties, and highlight the different effect of each clay mineral.…”

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in clay-rich samples, permeability can be reduced by more than 80% after water saturation, compared with the initial air permeability [47]. In addition, the previously mentioned higher ductility of clay-abundant formations and their reduced strength characteristics upon water saturation significantly affect the fracturing ability of the formation [21,48,49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Clay-Abundant Shale Formations: Use of CO2 for Production Enhancement

et al. 2017

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Clay-abundant shale formations are quite common worldwide shale plays. This particular type of shale play has unique physico-chemical characteristics and therefore responds uniquely to the gas storage and production process. Clay minerals have huge surface areas due to prevailing laminated structures, and the deficiency in positive charges in the combination of tetrahedral and octahedral sheets in clay minerals produces strong cation exchange capacities (CECs), all of which factors create huge gas storage capacity in clay-abundant shale formations. However, the existence of large amounts of tiny clay particles separates the contacts between quartz particles, weakening the shale formation and enhancing its ductile properties. Furthermore, clay minerals' strong affinity for water causes clay-abundant shale formations to have large water contents and therefore reduced gas storage capacities. Clay-water interactions also create significant swelling in shale formations. All of these facts reduce the productivity of these formations. The critical influences of clay mineral-water interaction on the productivity of this particular type of shale plays indicates the inappropriateness of using traditional types of water-based fracturing fluids for production enhancement. Non-water-based fracturing fluids are therefore preferred, and CO 2 is preferable due to its many unique favourable characteristics, including its minor swelling effect, its ability to create long and narrow fractures at low breakdown pressures due to its ultralow viscosity, its contribution to the mitigation of the greenhouse gas effect, rapid clean-up and easy residual water removal capability. The aim of this paper is to obtain comprehensive knowledge of utilizing appropriate production enhancement techniques in clay-abundant shale formations based on a thorough literature review.

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Section: Mechanical Properties Of Clay-abundant Shale Formationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Clay-Abundant Shale Formations: Use of CO2 for Production Enhancement

et al. 2017

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“…Devoniyen yaşlı Marcellus formasyonu (Kuzey Appalachian Baseni, USA) Barnett şeyllerine göre daha çok silisçe zengin seviyeler içerir, ayrıca daha yüksek oranda TOC içerir. (Buller et al, 2010) …”

Section: Jeoloji̇k Bakiş Açisi İle şEyller Ve şEyl Gazi Türüm Süreci̇unclassified

Şeyl Gazı; Jeolojik Özellikleri, Çevresel Etkileri ve Küresel Ekonomik Anlamı

Erik¹

2016

Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni / Geological Bulletin of Turkey

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ÖZKüresel enerji prospeksiyonu özellikle son birkaç yıl içinde üretilmesi güç petrol (tight reservoir) ve şeyl gaz (kaya gazı) gibi geleneksel olmayan enerji kaynaklarının (ankonvansiyonel) üretiminde kullanılabilecek teknolojinin gelişmesi ile önemli oranda değişim göstermiştir. Ekonomik olarak büyük katkı sağladığı görülen ve gelecekte ekonomik, sosyal ve politik alanlarda daha büyük etki potansiyelinin olacağı öngörülen bu kaynaklar, birçok ülkede ve milyonlarca insan tarafından yüzey suları, yeraltı suları ve yerel hava kalitesi açısından zararlı olduğu gerekçesi ile protesto edilmiş ve bu konuların da ekonomik getiri ile birlikte ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilmesini zorunlu kılmıştır. Özellikle, küresel ölçekte yaşanan doğal felaketler, 20. yüzyılda küresel ısınma, atmosferin kimyasal bileşimi ve bu bileşimsel değişikliklerin ekoloji ve insanlığa olan etkisine ilgi çekmiştir. Bu makalede özellikle son yılların ilgi odağı haline gelen, ekonomik prospeksiyonları alt üst etmesi yanı sıra, küresel politikanın da belki yeniden şekillenmesine neden olan şeyl gazının oluşumu, şeyl kaynak kayalarının petrofiziksel özellikleri, araştırma ve üretim teknikleri ile ülkelerin enerji ihtiyacının karşılanmasındaki rolü, bu sırada ekolojiye olan etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Enerji kaynaklarının tarihsel süreçte olduğu gibi gelecekte de sadece yakıt ve enerji kaynağı olarak bir anlam taşımayacağı, ekonomi ve sosyal alanlardaki etkilerinden bahsedilerek ifade edilmeye çalışılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Emisyonlar, enerji kaynakları, hidrolik çatlatma, küresel ısınma, şeyl gaz ABSTRACTGlobal energy prospecting has significantly shown change with the development of technology that can be used in the production of energy sources which are unconventional such as tight reservoir and shale gas especially within last several years. These sources which are economically seen as a great contribution and are predicted that it will be greater impact potential in the fields of economic, social and politics in the future have been protested on the ground water, surface water and local air quality by millions of people in many countries because of harmful and it has necessitated that these subjects are evaluated in details with the economic benefits. Especially, natural disasters which have been encountered at global

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“…It is bounded by the Bossier shale formation above and either the Haynesville Limestone or Smackover Limestone beneath (Buller et al, 2010). The geological age of the formation is interpreted to be Upper-Jurassic (Johnston et al, 2000).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rock Classification from Conventional Well Logs in Hydrocarbon-Bearing Shale

Popielski

Heidari

Torres‐Verdín

2012

SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

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This paper introduces a rock typing method for application in hydrocarbon-bearing shale (specifically source rock) reservoirs using conventional well logs and core data. Source rock reservoirs are known to be highly heterogeneous and often require new or specialized petrophysical techniques for accurate reservoir evaluation. In the past, petrophysical description of source rock reservoirs with well logs has been focused to quantifying rock composition and organic-matter concentration. These solutions often require many assumptions and ad-hoc correlations where the interpretation becomes a core matching exercise. Scale effects on measurements are typically neglected in core matching. Rock typing in hydrocarbon-bearing shale provides an alternative description by segmenting the reservoir into petrophysically-similar groups with k-means cluster analysis, which can then be used for ranking and detailed analysis of depth zones favorable for production. A synthetic example illustrates the rock typing method for an idealized sequence of beds penetrated by a vertical well. Results and analysis from the synthetic example show that rock types from inverted log properties correctly identify the most organic-rich sections better than rock types detected from well logs in thin beds. Also, estimated kerogen concentration is shown to be the most reliable property in an under-determined inversion solution. Field cases in the Barnett and Haynesville shale gas plays show the importance of core data for supplementing well logs and identifying correlations for desirable reservoir properties (kerogen/TOC concentration, fluid saturations, and porosity). Qualitative rock classes are formed and verified using inverted estimates of kerogen concentration as a rock-quality metric. Inverted log properties identify 40% more of a high-kerogen rock type over well-log based rock types in the Barnett formation. A case in the Haynesville formation suggests the possibility of identifying depositional environments as a result of rock attributes that produce distinct groupings from k-means cluster analysis with well logs. Core data and inversion results indicate homogeneity in the Haynesville formation case. However, the distributions of rock types show a 50% occurrence between two rock types over 90 ft vertical-extent of reservoir. Rock types suggest vertical distributions that exhibit similar rock attributes with characteristic properties (porosity, organic concentration and maturity, and gas saturation). The interpretation method considered in this paper does not directly quantify reservoir parameters and would not serve the purpose of quantifying gas-in-place. Rock typing in hydrocarbon-bearing shale with conventional well logs forms qualitative rock classes which can be used to calculate net-to-gross, validate conventional interpretation methods, perform well-to-well correlations, and establish facies distributions for integrated reservoir modeling in hydrocarbon-bearing shale.

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Petrophysical Evaluation for Enhancing Hydraulic Stimulation in Horizontal Shale Gas Wells

Cited by 91 publications

References 8 publications

Characteristics of Clay-Abundant Shale Formations: Use of CO2 for Production Enhancement

Characteristics of Clay-Abundant Shale Formations: Use of CO2 for Production Enhancement

Şeyl Gazı; Jeolojik Özellikleri, Çevresel Etkileri ve Küresel Ekonomik Anlamı

Rock Classification from Conventional Well Logs in Hydrocarbon-Bearing Shale

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