Phage Targeting Streptococcus mutans In Vitro and In Vivo as a Caries-Preventive Modality

Wolfoviz-Zilberman, Amit; Kraitman, Reut; Hazan, Ronen; Friedman, Michael; Houri‐Haddad, Yael; Beyth, Nurit

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10081015

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Notably, microbial richness was higher in old mice than in adult mice, and the genera Streptococcus , Fusobacterium , Corynebacterium , Stenotrophomonas and Enterococcus were proportionally enriched in old mice (), which is in accordance with a previous study [78]. Oral pathogenic microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans (as the main bacterial agent for dental caries) [65, 66], and Fusobacterium nucleatum (as a periodontitis pathogen) [67, 68] have been detected more frequently in the ageing groups [79]. This evidence highlights that with increasing age, changes in the ecology of the oral cavity are associated with a risk of oral diseases [80].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…5f-j), which is in accordance with a previous study [78]. Oral pathogenic microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans (as the main bacterial agent for dental caries) [65,66], and Fusobacterium nucleatum (as a periodontitis pathogen) [67,68] have been detected more frequently in the ageing groups [79]. This evidence highlights that with increasing age, changes in the ecology of the oral cavity are associated with a risk of oral diseases [80].…”

Section: Crosstalk Among the Oral Microbiome: The Age-related Hypothesissupporting

confidence: 88%

“…From the bar graph representing the relative community composition, Fimicutes was the most common phylum in the saliva samples ( and S5b). A richness heatmap revealed that some opportunistic pathogens, such as Corynebacterium [62], Stenotrophomonas [63], Streptococcus [64–66] and Fusobacterium [67, 68], were proportionally enriched in the old samples, while Prevotella and Lacobacillus were enriched in the adult samples ( and S5c). LEfSe analysis showed that 29 OTUs were overabundant in the adult group, while 107 taxa were overabundant in the old group (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The niche-specialist and age-related oral microbial ecosystem: crosstalk with host immune cells in homeostasis

Lin

Yang

et al. 2022

Microbial Genomics

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Although characterization of the baseline oral microbiota has been discussed, the current literature seems insufficient to draw a definitive conclusion on the interactions between the microbes themselves or with the host. This study focuses on the spatial and temporal characteristics of the oral microbial ecosystem in a mouse model and its crosstalk with host immune cells in homeostasis. The V3V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene of 20 samples from four niches (tongue, buccal mucosa, keratinized gingiva and hard palate) and 10 samples from two life stages (adult and old) were analysed. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to investigate the resident immune cells. The niche-specialist and age-related communities, characterized based on the microbiota structure, interspecies communications, microbial functions and interactions with immune cells, were addressed. The phylum Firmicutes was the major component in the oral community. The microbial community profiles at the genus level showed that the relative abundances of the genera Bacteroides , Lactobacillus and Porphyromonas were enriched in the gingiva. The abundance of the genera Streptococcus , Faecalibaculum and Veillonella was increased in palatal samples, while the abundance of Neisseria and Bradyrhizobium was enriched in buccal samples. The genera Corynebacterium , Stenotrophomonas, Streptococcus and Fusobacterium were proportionally enriched in old samples, while Prevotella and Lacobacillus were enriched in adult samples. Network analysis showed that the genus Lactobacillus performed as a central node in the buccal module, while in the gingiva module, the central nodes were Nesterenkonia and Hydrogenophilus . FCM showed that the proportion of Th1 cells in the tongue samples (38.18 % [27.03–49.34 %]) (mean [range]) was the highest. The proportion of γδT cells in the buccal mucosa (25.82 % [22.1–29.54 %]) and gingiva (20.42 % [18.31–22.53 %]) samples was higher (P<0.01) than those in the palate (14.18 % [11.69–16.67 %]) and tongue (9.38 % [5.38–13.37 %] samples. The proportion of Th2 (31.3 % [16.16–46.44 %]), Th17 (27.06 % [15.76–38.36 %]) and Treg (29.74 % [15.71–43.77 %]) cells in the old samples was higher than that in the adult samples (P<0.01). Further analysis of the interplays between the microbiomes and immune cells indicated that Th1 cells in the adult group, nd Th2, Th17 and Treg cells in the old group were the main immune factors strongly associated with the oral microbiota. For example, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells showed a significantly positive correlation with age-related microorganisms such as Sphingomonas , Streptococcus and Acinetobacter , while Th1 cells showed a negative correlation. Another positive correlation occurred between Th1 cells and several commensal microbiomes such as Lactobacillus , Jeotgalicoccus and Sporosarcina . Th2, Th17 and Treg cells showed the opposite trend. Together, our findings identify the niche-specialist and age-related characteristics of the oral microbial ecosystem and the potential associations between the microbiomes and the mucosal immune cells, providing critical insights into mucosal microbiology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Crosstalk Among the Oral Microbiome: The Age-related Hypothesissupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The niche-specialist and age-related oral microbial ecosystem: crosstalk with host immune cells in homeostasis

Lin

Yang

et al. 2022

Microbial Genomics

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“…Phage therapy makes use of strictly lytic phages and is regarded as a novel method for the prevention, control, and treatment of oral infectious diseases (Shlezinger et al, 2017;Harada et al, 2018). The construction of a bacteriophage T4 RNA ligase 1 (T4 Rnl1) expressing system in S. mutans showed that T4 Rnl1 exerts membrane-directed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and affects the spatial structure of its extracellular polysaccharide (Chen J. et al, 2020;Wolfoviz-Zilberman et al, 2021). Therefore, phages can be used as a new preventive treatment for caries.…”

Section: Phage Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oral Microbiota: Community Composition, Influencing Factors, Pathogenesis, and Interventions

et al. 2022

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The human oral cavity provides a habitat for oral microbial communities. The complexity of its anatomical structure, its connectivity to the outside, and its moist environment contribute to the complexity and ecological site specificity of the microbiome colonized therein. Complex endogenous and exogenous factors affect the occurrence and development of the oral microbiota, and maintain it in a dynamic balance. The dysbiotic state, in which the microbial composition is altered and the microecological balance between host and microorganisms is disturbed, can lead to oral and even systemic diseases. In this review, we discuss the current research on the composition of the oral microbiota, the factors influencing it, and its relationships with common oral diseases. We focus on the specificity of the microbiota at different niches in the oral cavity, the communities of the oral microbiome, the mycobiome, and the virome within oral biofilms, and interventions targeting oral pathogens associated with disease. With these data, we aim to extend our understanding of oral microorganisms and provide new ideas for the clinical management of infectious oral diseases.

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“…Next, 1 mL of diluted intraperitoneal fluid was cultured on NA media with the pouring agar method into a sterile petri dish and then added 15 mL of NA agar medium at 40-45 °C. After it solidified, plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Then, bacterial colonies were counted using the total plate count (TPC) method [24,29].…”

Section: Test Animal Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Assessment of Hydroxyapatite-Betel Leaf Extract Formulation against <i>Streptococcus mutans In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i>

et al. 2023

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Hydroxyapatite is an inorganic material that is commonly used as a re-mineralizing agent. Adding natural ingredients such as green betel leaf can increase the antibacterial properties due to the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins. This study aims to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the formulation of hydroxyapatite-betel leaf extract and the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. To characterize the combination of hydroxyapatite-betel leaf extract, XRD, PSA and FTIR analyses were performed. Particle size analysis showed the smallest results in the variation of betel 0.3 g, which is 690.08 nm. FTIR characterization showed the presence of OH, PO43− and CO32− functional groups from hydroxyapatite and C=O derived from betel leaf extract. In addition, in vitro and in vivo analyses were performed to assess the antibacterial activity of this formulation. The in vitro antibacterial activity test against S. mutans showed strong inhibitory activity. Our finding suggests that the formulation has the potential to be used as a medication or prevention agent for dental caries.

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Phage Targeting Streptococcus mutans In Vitro and In Vivo as a Caries-Preventive Modality

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

The niche-specialist and age-related oral microbial ecosystem: crosstalk with host immune cells in homeostasis

The niche-specialist and age-related oral microbial ecosystem: crosstalk with host immune cells in homeostasis

The Oral Microbiota: Community Composition, Influencing Factors, Pathogenesis, and Interventions

Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Assessment of Hydroxyapatite-Betel Leaf Extract Formulation against <i>Streptococcus mutans In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i>

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