Phagocytic reduction and effects on lysosomal membranes by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in haemocytes of Mytilus edulis

Effects of pyrene exposure on immune response and oxidative stress in the pearl oyster, Pinctada martensii

“…Phagocytic processes depend on the membrane properties of hemocytes. However, PAHs can alter the fluidity of cell membranes [46] and restrict membrane deformation, which is essential to phagocytic endocytosis [28]. This result is supported by observations on the effects of a low-dose, short-term stimulation of phagocytosis on the bivalve response to contaminants such as diesel, metals [63,70], water from industrial sources [31], and pesticides [66].…”

Hemocyte functions and bacterial clearance affected in vivo by TBT and DBT in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis

“…A stock solution of Tris-buffered saline (TBS), pH 8.4, was used as the dilution medium for the dyes, and consisted of 17.3 ml of 0.1 N HCl made up to 100 ml with distilled water added to 25 ml of 0.2 M aqueous Trizma base. NaCl (2.5% w/v) was added to maintain osmolarity between 1000 and 1200 mOsm (Grundy et al 1996). The TBS solution was filtered (0.2 µm) before each sampling day.…”

“…The fixative solution was then removed with a Pasteur pipette, 1 ml of TBS was added and the preparation was stored cold in the dark. Prior to the readings, TBS was removed and 1 ml extraction solution consisting of 1% (v/v) acetic acid plus 50% (v/v) ethanol in distilled water was added for 30 min (Grundy et al 1996). Neutral red retained by the hemocytes was displaced by the addition of the extraction solution and measured at 540 nm on a PerkinElmer spectrophotometer, calibrated with the extraction solution.…”

Elucidating cellular and behavioural effects of contaminant impact (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) in both laboratory-exposed and field-collected shore crabs, Carcinus maenas (Crustacea: Decapoda)

“…biochemical, cellular and physiological levels (Fossi et al, 1994). Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, such as pyrene, cause physiological impairments such as DNA damage leading to neoplasia in fish (van der Oost et al, 1994;Aas et al, 2000), and alteration of cellular function (viability and immune function) in various invertebrate species, such as bivalves (Lowe et al, 1995;Grundy et al, 1996a;Lowe & Fossato 2000) and 65 decapod crustaceans (Dissanayake et al, 2008a;2008b).…”

“…270 Although, significant impact at the cellular level was only observed in laboratory pyreneexposed individuals, it provides an insight into the mechanism of acute contaminant exposure. immune function (as shown by reduced phagocytic ability) (Lowe et al, 1995;Grundy et al, 1996a;1996b).…”