Pharmacist role in vaccination: Evidence and challenges

Poudel, Arjun; Lau, Esther; Deldot, Megan; Campbell, Chris; Waite, Nancy; Nissen, Lisa

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.060

Cited by 83 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Others may not have systems to reach older adults with vaccines or have systems that are so fragmented that opportunities are missed to recommend vaccines [79,80]. To improve patient access, making systems less complicated, improving convenience and expanding the groups who can immunize (for example, through pharmacists [81], direct delivery or mobile services) should be considered. Programs that build upon existing primary healthcare (PHC) systems can encourage ''diagonal" programs that serve as a gateway to other health services [82].…”

Section: Decision-making and Delivery Capacity Neededmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global agenda for older adult immunization in the COVID-19 era: A roadmap for action

Privor-Dumm

Poland

Barratt

et al. 2021

Vaccine

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Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre-including this research content-immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Section: Decision-making and Delivery Capacity Neededmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global agenda for older adult immunization in the COVID-19 era: A roadmap for action

Privor-Dumm

Poland

Barratt

et al. 2021

Vaccine

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“…However, in 2019, Poudel et al [ 25 ] highlighted a very varied international picture of the role of community pharmacists in vaccination strategies and practices. Significant differences concerning the type of service offered, their training, the type of vaccine authorized for administration, the type of population admitted to this service, the type of intervention and the economic conditions were also recorded within the same country with consequent obstacles to implementing an effective vaccination program.…”

Section: The Role Of the Community Pharmacist In Immunization Pracmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implementation of the Professional Role of the Community Pharmacist in the Immunization Practices in Italy to Counteract Vaccine Hesitancy

2020

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In Italy, the National Vaccinal Prevention Plan has renewed the commitment of the Italian government to promote a culture of vaccination practices in the general population and especially among healthcare professionals, considering it as a strategic goal. The search for useful tools and techniques to promote a layered and widespread information network capable of restoring a climate of trust and confidence towards vaccination, leads us to reflect on the possibility, already adopted in numerous countries, of enlisting community pharmacies in immunization campaigns also in Italy, positively implementing the professional role of the community pharmacist in immunization. The pharmacist is often the first point of contact with both the patients and the public, both for the relationship of trust and confidence that binds him to the citizens, and for the ease of access in relation to the widespread distribution of community pharmacies in the territory, the availability of prolonged operating hours, the absence of need for appointments and positions near/outside of healthcare facilities. Currently, in Italy the role of the community pharmacist is limited to counseling and providing advice and information regarding the benefits and/or any risks of vaccination practices, but does not imply a direct engagement in immunization programs, rather a collaboration to avoid straining and overwhelming the vaccination centers. Some recent questionnaire-based studies have shown that Italian community pharmacists have attitudes that are favorable to vaccinations, even though their knowledge is rather limited. Together with expanding the engagement of community pharmacists in immunization programs, their educational gap should be addressed in order to significantly improve and enhance the protection of the public health.

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“…24,26,27 Community pharmacies are often the first contact for patients for minor conditions, are widely available, have longer hours of operation compared to GP clinics, and do not require an appointment for consultation. 22,28 Pharmacists are ideally placed to engage and educate patients, and are one of the most accessible and trusted health professionals. 28 A review of literature regarding community pharmacist triage services found that when clinical guidelines or protocols were utilized, pharmacist accuracy of assessment ranged between 70% and 98%, and when no guideline was used, correct diagnosis became more likely as the number of questions increased.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22,28 Pharmacists are ideally placed to engage and educate patients, and are one of the most accessible and trusted health professionals. 28 A review of literature regarding community pharmacist triage services found that when clinical guidelines or protocols were utilized, pharmacist accuracy of assessment ranged between 70% and 98%, and when no guideline was used, correct diagnosis became more likely as the number of questions increased. 22 An evaluation of an Australian pharmacy-based COPD screening program, during which pharmacists received accredited training and equipment to provide lung function tests found that the service was feasible, and similar programs have potential and may improve identification of undiagnosed COPD cases.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Pharmacists’ “Full Scope of Practice”: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Rural and Remote Australian Pharmacists</p>

Hays¹,

Sparrow²,

Taylor³

et al. 2020

JMDH

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Poor health outcomes for patients living in rural and remote areas of Australia are often attributed to the lack of a range of accessible health professionals delivering health services. Community pharmacists are already an integral part of these communities and as such are often the most frequently consulted health professionals. The aim of this study was to explore rural pharmacist knowledge and experiences of expanded pharmacy and to identify the barriers and enablers to remote pharmacists providing expanded pharmacy services (EPS), which can be described as services outside of usual medication management tasks. Methods: Rural and remote pharmacists (Modified Monash Model (MMM) categories 2-7) participated in an online survey. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests were performed and data from open-ended questions were analyzed, categorized into themes and quantitized. Results: Two-thirds (n=13, 68%) of rural pharmacists surveyed (n=19) had knowledge of EPS in rural pharmacies and the majority (n=17, 89%) agreed that these services would benefit rural communities. Mental health service referral was considered very/extremely important by the majority (n=16, 84%) of respondents; however, no pharmacists were currently providing mental health screening services while (n=15, 79%) were willing to provide these services. While staff shortages, costs, time and training were indicated to be the main barriers to the provision of EPS, enablers included accessibility of rural pharmacies and a perceived need. Conclusion: This study indicated that pharmacists are already providing some EPS and see value in their implementation; however, what constitutes an expanded service was unclear to some participants. Mental health services were highlighted as most important demonstrating a recognized burden of mental illness in rural and remote locations. Findings from this pilot study will provide further understanding for future development of the pharmacist's scope of practice and implementation of EPS.

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Pharmacist role in vaccination: Evidence and challenges

Cited by 83 publications

References 45 publications

A global agenda for older adult immunization in the COVID-19 era: A roadmap for action

A global agenda for older adult immunization in the COVID-19 era: A roadmap for action

The Implementation of the Professional Role of the Community Pharmacist in the Immunization Practices in Italy to Counteract Vaccine Hesitancy

<p>Pharmacists’ “Full Scope of Practice”: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Rural and Remote Australian Pharmacists</p>

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