Pharmacokinetics and comparative metabolic profiling of iridoid enriched fraction of Picrorhiza kurroa – An Ayurvedic Herb

Zahiruddin, Sultan; Khan, Washim; Nehra, Rinki; Alam, M. Afshar; Mallick, Md. Nasar; Parveen, Rabea; Ahmad, Sayeed

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.072

Cited by 48 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Moreover, it was found that picroside II exhibits the slowest metabolism with the terminal elimination half-lives (T1/2) were reported to be 0.941 ± 0.235 h [96]. Another study showed that because picroside I, II has a lipophilic and ionizable state, it can be completely metabolized [128]. Another study showed that because picroside I, II has a lipophilic and ionizable state, it can be completely metabolized [128].…”

Section: Secoiridoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study showed that because picroside I, II has a lipophilic and ionizable state, it can be completely metabolized [128]. Another study showed that because picroside I, II has a lipophilic and ionizable state, it can be completely metabolized [128].…”

Section: Secoiridoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apocynin can be quickly absorbed but is eliminated slowly. Meanwhile, HPLC analysis of urine from the rat, showed no detection of apocynin, indicating that apocynin can be completely metabolized in vivo, which could be because of its high lipophilicity and ionizability [128].…”

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iridoids: Research Advances in Their Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Pharmacokinetics

et al. 2020

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Iridoids are a class of active compounds that widely exist in the plant kingdom. In recent years, with advances in phytochemical research, many compounds with novel structure and outstanding activity have been identified. Iridoid compounds have been confirmed to mainly exist as the prototype and aglycone and Ι and II metabolites, by biological transformation. These metabolites have been shown to have neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities. This review summarizes the new structures and activities of iridoids identified locally and globally, and explains their pharmacokinetics from the aspects of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion according to the differences in their structures, thus providing a theoretical basis for further rational development and utilization of iridoids and their metabolites.

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Section: Secoiridoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Secoiridoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iridoids: Research Advances in Their Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Pharmacokinetics

et al. 2020

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“…These observations were taken further systematically to determine the efficacy of PKRE to ameliorate insulin insufficiency in vivo which was further validated at cellular and molecular level in vitro . Recently, Zahiruddin et al (2016) reported the pharmacokinetics of iridoid enriched fraction of P. kurroa rhizome. Significant bioavailability of picroside I, II and apocynin, was detected in plasma and negligible amount was reported in urine reflecting its proper systemic consumption and metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picrorhiza kurroa Enhances β-Cell Mass Proliferation and Insulin Secretion in Streptozotocin Evoked β-Cell Damage in Rats

et al. 2017

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Autoimmune destruction of insulin producing pancreatic β-cells leads to insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Regeneration of β-cells is one of the proposed treatment for type 1 diabetes and insulin insufficiency. Picrorhiza kurroa is a medicinal herb and is traditionally being used for the treatment of various diseases. Previous studies reported the hypoglycemic potential of P. kurroa. However, its potential role in β-cell induction in insulin secretion have not been fully investigated. Here, we characterized the hydro alcoholic extract of P. kurroa rhizome (PKRE) and further studied its β-cell regeneration and induction of insulin secretion potential in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats as well as in insulin producing Rin5f cells. 1H-NMR revealed the presence of more than thirty metabolites including picroside I and II in PKRE. Further, we found that PKRE treatment (100 and 200 mg/kg dose for 30 days) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) protected the pancreatic β-cells against streptozotocin (STZ) evoked damage and inhibited the glucagon receptor expression (Gcgr) in hepatic and renal tissues. It significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced the insulin expression and aids in proliferation of insulin producing Rin5f cells with elevated insulin secretion. Furthermore it significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased insulin mediated glucose uptake in 3T3L1 and L6 cells. On the contrary, in diabetic rats, PKRE significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased high blood glucose and restored the normal levels of serum biochemicals. Altogether, our results showed that PKRE displayed β-cell regeneration with enhanced insulin production and antihyperglycemic effects. PKRE also improves hepatic and renal functions against oxidative damage.

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“…It was found that the extract of RP had a certain effect on early diabetic nephropathy and hyperlipidemia (Zahiruddin, Khan, & Nehra, ). Joy and Kuttan () found that the extract of RP could alleviate the oxidative damage and diabetes mellitus in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats.…”

Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical components, pharmacological actions, and clinical applications of Rhizoma Picrorhizae

Guo

Wei

Shen

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

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Rhizoma Picrorhizae (RP) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has always been used to treat many diseases like infantile epilepsy and malnutrition. In modern applications, it has been used to treat hepatitis B and various liver injuries with remarkable curative effects. So far, more than 90 chemical components have been reported in RP, mainly including iridoid glycosides, cucurbitacins, phenylethanoid glycosides, and phenolic glycosides. Among these, iridoid glycosides are the most important active ingredients, and about 30 such compounds have been isolated at present. In pharmacology, RP is beneficial to the choleresis, liver protection, anti-inflammation, asthma relief, immune regulation, and protection of heart, brain, kidney, and other organs.There have been many investigations on this medicinal herb in recent years, and it has attracted much attention in the medicine domain. In this paper, through systematically consulting the relevant books and electronic databases, we analyzed, arranged, and summarized the available information on this herb to provide reference for its further research. K E Y W O R D Sclinical use, iridoid glycosides, pharmacology, phytochemistry, Rhizoma Picrorhizae

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Pharmacokinetics and comparative metabolic profiling of iridoid enriched fraction of Picrorhiza kurroa – An Ayurvedic Herb

Cited by 48 publications

References 13 publications

Iridoids: Research Advances in Their Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Pharmacokinetics

Iridoids: Research Advances in Their Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Pharmacokinetics

Picrorhiza kurroa Enhances β-Cell Mass Proliferation and Insulin Secretion in Streptozotocin Evoked β-Cell Damage in Rats

Chemical components, pharmacological actions, and clinical applications of Rhizoma Picrorhizae

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