Pharmacokinetics, brain distribution, release and blood–brain barrier transport of Shunaoxin pills

Ferulic acid ameliorates memory impairment in d-galactose-induced aging mouse model

“…Our study confirmed using Pearson's correlation analysis that oxidative damage in the brain contributes to the spatial memory deficit in D-gal-treated mice. FA, a small molecule phenolic acid, can transport across the blood-brain barrier and ameliorated oxidative stress induced by Ab 1-40 which might be attributed to the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring (Barone et al, 2009;Wu et al 2014;Tsai et al 2015). It indicates that FA possesses protective effect against oxidative stress in the brain.…”

The Neuroprotective Effects of Phenolic Acids: Molecular Mechanism of Action

“…), and the concentration of this acid in brains was decreased only by 50% 60 min after the consumption [122]. Other works confirm the penetration of brain by ferulic acid [123], caffeic acid and caffeic acid phenethyl ester [124] and rosmarinic acid [125]. Ferulic, caffeic, rosmarinic acids and caffeic acid phenethyl ester can also protect blood-brain barrier and brain structures [126,127,128,129].…”

Vasorelaxant effects of Shunaoxin pill are mediated by NO/cGMP pathway, HO/CO pathway and calcium channel blockade in isolated rat thoracic aorta

“…And SNX can make blood pressure of the hypertensive patients decline steadily. The compounds existed in Danggui and Chuanxiong, including ferulic acid, ligustilide and senkyunolide A, butylidenephthalide were found to show vasorelaxant effects (Wu et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2009;Chan et al, 2007;Choi et al, 2012;Liang et al, 2005;Chan et al, 2006). Besides, combinations of Chuanxiong and Danggui were demonstrated synergistic vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects.…”

“…Chuanxiong and Danggui have been used to treat many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension (Hou et al, 2005). SNX is produced by supercritical fluid extraction as a solid dispersion, and has been used to treat cerebrovascular diseases in China since 2005 (approval number Z20050041) Wu et al, 2014 . Pretreatment with SNX has been demonstrated to increase cerebral blood flow during hypoxia and acute cerebral ischemia in rats, and also reduce blood lactic acid concentrations and whole-blood viscosity during hypobaric hypoxia in mice.…”

“…In addition, Shunaoxin exhibits synergistic effect with sub-threshold doses of pentobarbital sodium, promoting sleep in mice. (Wu et al, 2014). And SNX can make blood pressure of the hypertensive patients decline steadily.…”