Pharmacological evaluation and in-silico modeling study of compounds isolated from Ziziphus oxyphylla

Zahoor, Muhammad; Khan, Irfan Ullah; Zeb, Alam; Sahibzada, Muhammad Umar Khayam; Naz, Sumaira; Bari, Wasim Ul; Kamran, Abdul Wahid

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06367

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Phenolic compounds from natural sources have shown anticholinesterase activity in several studies [ 34 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ]. Phenolic compounds whose anticholinesterase activities have been reported are given in the Supplementary Material ( Table S2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Alkaloid Cholinesterase Inhibitory Compounds from Natural Sources

et al. 2021

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder of different brain regions accompanied by distresses and affecting more than 25 million people in the world. This progressive brain deterioration affects the central nervous system and has negative impacts on a patient’s daily activities such as memory impairment. The most important challenge concerning AD is the development of new drugs for long-term treatment or prevention, with lesser side effects and greater efficiency as cholinesterases inhibitors and the ability to remove amyloid-beta(Aβ) deposits and other related AD neuropathologies. Natural sources provide promising alternatives to synthetic cholinesterase inhibitors and many have been reported for alkaloids while neglecting other classes with potential cholinesterase inhibition. This review summarizes information about the therapeutic potential of small natural molecules from medicinal herbs, belonging to terpenoids, coumarins, and phenolic compounds, and others, which have gained special attention due to their specific modes of action and their advantages of low toxicity and high efficiency in the treatment of AD. Some show superior drug-like features in comparison to synthetic cholinesterase inhibitors. We expect that the listed phytoconstituents in this review will serve as promising tools and chemical scaffolds for the discovery of new potent therapeutic leads for the amelioration and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Alkaloid Cholinesterase Inhibitory Compounds from Natural Sources

et al. 2021

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“…More than 10% of the 32,000 reported species of higher plants are of medicinal importance worldwide [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. In developing countries, synthetic pharmaceutical drugs are expensive and not affordable for an average person; therefore, the plants are the primary source of phytomedicines for inflammation, pain and microbial resistance [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical Applications of Scutellaria edelbergii Rech. f.: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach

et al. 2021

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In the current study, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Scutellaria edelbergii Rech. f. (crude extract and subfractions, i.e., n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), chloroform, n-butanol (n-BuOH) and aqueous) were explored. Initially, extraction and fractionation of the selected medicinal plant were carried out, followed by phytochemical qualitative tests, which were mostly positive for all the extracts. EtOAc fraction possessed a significant amount of phenolic (79.2 ± 0.30 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (84.0 ± 0.39 mg QE/g) content. The EtOAc fraction of S. edelbergii exhibited appreciable antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) strains and significant zones of inhibition were observed against Gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus). However, it was found inactive against Candida Albicans and Fusarium oxysporum fungal strains. The chloroform fraction was the most effective with an IC50 value of 172 and 74 µg/mL against DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) and ABTS assays, in comparison with standard ascorbic acid 59 and 63 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the EtOAc fraction displayed significant in vivo anti-inflammatory activity (54%) using carrageenan-induced assay and significant (55%) in vivo analgesic activity using acetic acid-induced writing assay. In addition, nine known compounds, ursolic acid (UA), ovaul (OV), oleanolic acid (OA), β-sitosterol (BS), micromeric acid (MA), taraxasterol acetate (TA), 5,3′,4′-trihydroxy-7-methoxy flavone (FL-1), 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-6,3′-dimiethoxyflavone (FL-2) and 7-methoxy catechin (FL-3), were isolated from methanolic extract of S. edelbergii. These constituents have never been obtained from this source. The structures of all the isolated constituents were elucidated by spectroscopic means. In conclusion, the EtOAc fraction and all other fractions of S. edelbergii, in general, displayed a significant role as antibacterial, free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents which may be due to the presence of these constituents and other flavonoids.

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“…The prehistoric human utilized this simple logic, which eventually led to the foundation of modern pharmacopoeia. Today, plants are investigated for their various biological potentials with modern, sophisticated machines, and more than 90% of the drug industry is totally or in-part dependent on plant products [ 3 ]. Although tremendous advancements have been made in medicinal sciences since 1950, at the same time, pathogens have also adapted themselves to cope with the newly developed drugs, giving rise to the problem of drug resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reactive oxygen species are normally produced during respiration and are even required for oxidative bursts while killing the microbes with white blood cells. However, their increased concentration can lead to a number of health complications, ranging from aging to life-threatening diabetes and cancer [ 2 , 3 ]. In plants, mostly flavonoids/phenolics are excellent scavengers of these radicals, and that is the reason that physicians stress the use of fresh vegetables and fruits [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Characterization, HPLC Analysis, and Biological Activities of Ilex dipyrena

Ali

Nisar

Shah

et al. 2022

Plants

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Ilex dipyrena Wall (Aquifoliaceae), is a traditional medicinal plant abundantly found in India and Pakistan. In the current research work, initially, the anatomical characteristics were recorded through microscopic examination of selected plant parts, such as leaf, petiole, and midrib. Then, the quantitative phytochemical screening was performed using standard tests reported in literature. The whole-plant powdered sample was then soaked in methanol to obtain crude extract, which was then fractionated into solvents of different polarities to obtain ethyl acetate, chloroform, butanol, hexane, and aqueous extracts. The phytochemical composition of the crude ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts (being the most active fractions) was then confirmed through HPLC analyses, where the possible phytochemical present were predicted through comparison of retention time of a given compound peak with the available standards. The extracts were also evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and ani-lipoxygenase potentials using standard methods. The microscopic examination revealed the presence of anomocytic type stomata on the abaxial side of the leaf as well as unicellular trichrome and calcium oxalate druses crystals in the midrib and petiole, with a single, centered U-shaped collateral arterial bundle, which was directed toward the adaxial and the phloem toward the abaxial sides of the selected plant parts, respectively. Almost all tested representative groups of phytochemicals and essential minerals were detected in the selected plant, whereas five possible phytochemicals were confirmed in crude and chloroform extract and seven in ethyl acetate fraction. As antioxidant, chloroform fraction was more potent, which exhibited an IC50 value of 64.99, 69.15, and 268.52 µg/mL, determined through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Ethyl acetate extract was also equally potent against the tested free radicals. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were also potent against lipoxygenase, with IC50 value of 75.99 and 106.11 µg/mL, respectively. Based on the results of biological studies, Ilex dipyrena was found to good inhibitor of free radicals and lipoxygenase that could be further investigated to isolate compounds of medicinal importance.

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Pharmacological evaluation and in-silico modeling study of compounds isolated from Ziziphus oxyphylla

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Non-Alkaloid Cholinesterase Inhibitory Compounds from Natural Sources

Non-Alkaloid Cholinesterase Inhibitory Compounds from Natural Sources

Biomedical Applications of Scutellaria edelbergii Rech. f.: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach

Anatomical Characterization, HPLC Analysis, and Biological Activities of Ilex dipyrena

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