Pharmacological prevention of renal ischemia–reperfusion injury in a rat model

Abstract

Introduction: Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. It remains a leading cause of acute kidney injury and is therefore an important issue in trauma and renal transplant surgery. Various pharmaceutical agents have been used in an attempt to dampen the harmful effects of IRI but few have been shown to be useful clinically. Riluzole, Lidocaine and Lamotrigine have been demonstrated to show antiischaemic properties in other organs; however, their use has not been tested in the kidneys. We investigated Riluzole, Lidocaine and Lamotrigine for their preventive effects of renal IRI using a rat model. Methods: Winstar rats (n = 48) were divided into four groups (n = 12 per group)-three treatment groups and one control group. Riluzole, Lidocaine and Lamotrigine were given prior to renal ischemia only (IO) or IRI. The degree of ischemia was measured by glutathione levels and a TUNEL assay was used to measure DNA fragmentation. Results: Riluzole, Lidocaine and Lamotrigine pre-treatment each resulted in statistically higher glutathione levels compared to controls (P = 0.002; P = 0.007 and P = 0.005, respectively). Riluzole and Lidocaine were also effective at preventing depletion of glutathione following IO (P = 0.007 and P = 0.014 respectively), while Lamotrigine was ineffective in IO (P = 0.71). The degree of DNA fragmentation seen on the TUNEL assay was markedly reduced in all three-drug groups in both IO and IRI. Discussion: Riluzole, Lidocaine and Lamotrigine all have anti-ischaemic effects in the rat kidney and can have potential therapeutic implications.

An Experimental Rat Model Study: Is There Any Effect of Syringic Acid on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Priapism?

“…Certain substances possess exogenous antioxidant properties that help diminish or entirely counteract the detrimental effects of free radicals. Numerous substances that have been suggested to possess antioxidant properties have been assessed through testing in diverse ischemiareperfusion models [4,7,16]. Syringic acid (4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxybenzoic acid) is a compound well-known for its intrinsic antioxidant properties, enabling it to neutralize free radicals.…”

“…In cases where medical intervention proves inadequate, diverse surgical approaches are explored [6]. Numerous antioxidant agents have been utilized in previous studies to demonstrate their protective effects against oxidative injury in various organ systems, particularly in the context of ischemia-reperfusion injury [7,8]. Syringic acid is a naturally occurring phenolic acid known for its inherent antioxidant properties that enable it to effectively neutralize free radicals [9].…”

Sevoflurane improves renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through RISK signaling pathway

“…Abdominal skin, rectus abdominis and peritoneum were cut open along the midline of abdomen to expose abdominal cavity, the left and right kidneys separated, and intestine pulled out and covered with sterile gauze moistened with normal saline. Thereafter, left and right kidneys were exposed, right renal pedicle was isolated and ligated, while the left renal pedicle was exposed by gently puncturing the posterior peritoneum with tweezers and clamped with bulldog clamp [10]. Left kidney subsequently turned dark purple.…”

“…Rats were sacrificed at 6 h after reperfusion to collect blood and kidney tissues for subsequent analyses. All operations were performed as per the previous publication guide [10].…”