Pharyngeal reflux episodes at pH 5 in healthy volunteers

Andersson, Olle; Ylitalo, Riitta; Finizia, Caterina; Bove, Mogens; Ruth, Magnus

doi:10.1080/00365520510024179

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The literature has focused on the role that acid reflux plays and currently, it is thought that non-acid reflux may be involved in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases [33]. Children under the age of 18 months have the highest rates of acute respiratory diseases of any age group.…”

Section: Diagnostic Instrumental Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regurgitation in healthy and non healthy infants

Indrio

Riezzo²,

Raimondi

et al. 2009

Ital J Pediatr

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Uncomplicate regurgitation in otherwise healthy infants is not a disease. It consists of milk flow from mouth during or after feeding. Common causes include overfeeding, air swallowed during feeding, crying or coughing; physical exam is normal and weight gain is adequate. History and physical exam are diagnostic, and conservative therapy is recommended. Pathologic gastroesophageal reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease refers to infants with regurgitation and vomiting associated with poor weight gain, respiratory symptoms, esophagitis. Reflux episodes occur most often during transient relaxations of the lower esophageal sphincter unaccompanied by swallowing, which permit gastric content to flow into the esophagus. A minor proportion of reflux episodes occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter fails to increase pressure during a sudden increase in intraabdominal pressure or when lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure is chronically reduced. Alterations in several protective mechanisms allow physiologic reflux to become gastroesophageal reflux disease; diagnostic approach is both clinical and instrumental: radiological series are useful to exclude anatomic abnormalities; pH-testing evaluates the quantity, frequency and duration of the acid reflux episodes; endoscopy and biopsy are performed in the case of esophagitis. Therapy with H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors are suggested.

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Section: Diagnostic Instrumental Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regurgitation in healthy and non healthy infants

Indrio

Riezzo²,

Raimondi

et al. 2009

Ital J Pediatr

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show abstract

“…13 Furthermore, it has been suggested that these thresholds may explain the discordance between EER events, otolaryngologic symptoms, acid exposure levels, and laryngeal findings. 14 This change may be reflected in traditional gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) studies, but its effects are largely unknown in the EER population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Rating Scales Used in the Diagnosis of Extraesophageal Reflux

Musser¹,

Kelchner²,

Neils-Strunjaš³

et al. 2011

Journal of Voice

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“…The present choice of a pH of 4 was based on information obtained on the erosive properties of refluxed material on the esophageal mucosa and for the purposes of comparison to the results of previous studies [32,33]; this cutoff limit for acid reflux has been applied to pharyngeal reflux disease in most prior studies [2,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. However, whether the same application of a pH of 4 to the respiratory mucosa is appropriate requires further study [34]. Four subjects with pathological esophageal reflux were included in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ambulatory 24-Hour Pharyngeal pH Monitoring in Healthy Korean Volunteers

Moon

Park

et al. 2009

Dig Dis Sci

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Pharyngeal pH monitoring is the standard diagnostic approach for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). However, the normal values for Asian populations are still unknown. We evaluated the results of ambulatory 24-h pharyngeal pH monitoring in healthy volunteers to determine the normal reference values in the Korean population. Thirty healthy subjects underwent ambulatory 24-h pharyngeal pH monitoring with glass electrodes positioned 1 cm above the upper esophageal sphincter and 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter, based on esophageal manometry after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. LPR occurred in about one half of the healthy volunteers without any significant association with age, gender and body mass index. Pharyngeal acid reflux occurred mainly in the upright position. At the 95th and 90th percentile, after the exclusion of mealtimes, the upper limits of normal (ULN) for pharyngeal acid exposure were 0.41% and 0.18%. The ULNs for the number of pharyngeal acid events were 12.8 and 5.0. The corresponding ULNs for the esophagus were 5.1% and 3.8% and 62.7 and 32.6. The findings of this study help establish the reference standards for LPR in Korean patients.

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Pharyngeal reflux episodes at pH 5 in healthy volunteers

Abstract: Pharyngeal pH 5 reflux episodes are present in most healthy adults, mainly in upright position and in the postprandial period. The importance of these episodes for the occurrence of laryngeal symptoms and signs and for treatment response needs to be prospectively assessed.

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Regurgitation in healthy and non healthy infants

Regurgitation in healthy and non healthy infants

A Comparison of Rating Scales Used in the Diagnosis of Extraesophageal Reflux

Ambulatory 24-Hour Pharyngeal pH Monitoring in Healthy Korean Volunteers

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