Phase association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Minjiang River Estuary, China

Benzo(a)pyrene-induced metabolic responses in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) based metabolomics

“…Since the original experimental design was to assess the toxicological effects of BaP at two environmental relevant concentrations which have been found in some estuaries of China (Zhang et al, 2004), a subtle study is needed to illustrate the hormesis of BaP in clam.…”

“…For the experiment, clams were treated with two nominal concentrations of BaP at 0.02 and 0.2 M (originally dissolved in DMSO), respectively. These tested concentrations (0.02 and 0.2 M) BaP have been found in some extremely polluted estuaries in China (Zhang et al, 2004) and proven to be toxic in a freshwater invertebrate, the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Binelli et al, 2008). Clams cultured in normal filtered seawater containing 0.002% DMSO (v/v) were used as control group.…”

“…For example, Poirier and Beland (1992) reported that the carcinogenicity of BaP was attributed to the reaction of BaP metabolites, primarily the diol epoxides, with DNA (Poirier and Beland, 1992). In China, the concentrations of PAHs are increasing in the marine and coastal environments (Zhang et al, 2004). Therefore it is necessary to assess the toxicological effects of PAHs in the marine organisms.…”

Identification and expression profile of a new cytochrome P450 isoform (CYP414A1) in the hepatopancreas of Venerupis (Ruditapes) philippinarum exposed to benzo[a]pyrene, cadmium and copper

“…For the exposure experiment, clams were treated with different toxicants at following final concentrations: B[a]P (5 and 50 g/L dissolved in DMSO), Cd (as CdCl 2 , 10 and 40 g/L) and Cu (as CuCl 2 , 10 and 40 g/L). The concentration of heavy metals and B[a]P have been previously reported in some heavily polluted sites of Bohai Sea and the coastal waters of southeast China (Zhang, 2001;Zhang et al, 2004aZhang et al, , 2004b. The clams cultured in the normal filtered sea water (FSW) and FSW containing 0.002% DMSO (v/v) were used as the blank and control groups, respectively.…”

Transcriptional regulation of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase from Venerupis philippinarum in response to pathogen and contaminants challenge

“…Fifty clams were challenged with high density of V. anguillarum with final concentration of 1 Â 10 7 CFU mL À1 . Four individuals were randomly sampled at 6, 12, 24, [22,23]. The clams cultured in the normal FSW and FSW containing 0.002% DMSO (v/v) were used as the blank and control groups, respectively.…”