Phase behavior, nucleation and optical properties of the binary system isotactic polypropylene/N,N′,N″-tris-isopentyl-1,3,5-benzene-tricarboxamide

Kristiansen, Per Magnus; Greß, Anja; Smith, Paul; Hanft, Doris; Schmidt, Hans‐Werner

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.053

Cited by 78 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The modification of crystalline structure by efficient nucleating agents is the most widely applied technique for improvement of optical and/or mechanical properties of iPP 1,[4][5][6][7] . Recently, sorbitol derivatives are used for clarifying iPP thus these additives are also called as clarifiers [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . The former results indicated that nucleus density increases steeply in the presence of nucleating agents or clarifiers and consequently the size of supermolecular unit decreases considerably 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Nucleus Density in Semicrystalline Polymers from Nonisothermal Crystallization Curves

et al. 2015

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The present study introduces a new calculation method for obtaining nucleus density formed during non-isothermal crystallization of semicrystalline polymers. Isotactic polypropylene homopolymer (iPP) was used as a semicrystalline model polymer and its crystalline structure was modified using highly efficient nucleating agents or different cooling rates in order to manipulate nucleus density (N) within a wide range. The melting and crystallization characteristics were studied by calorimetry (DSC) and the nucleus density was calculated from the crystallization curves recorded under nonisothermal conditions at constant cooling rate. The nucleus density was correlated to the optical property, in fact to the haze index of injection molded plaques in order to qualify the calculated values of N. It was found that N increases more orders of magnitude in nucleated samples and correlates strongly to the optical properties. These observations are according to our expectations and indicate clearly the reliability of the proposed calculation approach.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Nucleus Density in Semicrystalline Polymers from Nonisothermal Crystallization Curves

et al. 2015

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“…These latter additives dissolve in the polymer generating a microcrystalline structure and improve haze considerably [10][11] . In the last decade a relatively new family of nucleating agents based on trisamide derivatives appeared as the competitor of sorbitol clarifiers [12][13][14][15] . However, the efficiency of the clarifier depends very much also on the characteristics of the polymer used and on processing conditions, as mentioned above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Molecular Structure of the Polymer and Nucleation on the Optical Properties of Polypropylene Homo- and Copolymers

Horváth

Menyhárd

Doshev

et al. 2014

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Two soluble nucleating agents were used to modify the optical properties of nine PP homo-and random copolymers. The ethylene content of the polymers changed between 0 and 5.3 wt%.Chain regularity was characterized by the stepwise isothermal segregation technique (SIST), while optical properties by the measurement of the haze of injection molded samples.Crystallization and melting characteristics were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The analysis of the results proved that lamella thickness and change in crystallinity influence haze only slightly. A model was introduced which describes quantitatively the dependence of nucleation efficiency and haze on the concentration of the nucleating agent. The model assumes that the same factors influence the peak temperature of crystallization and optical properties. The analysis of the results proved that the assumption is valid under the same crystallization conditions. The parameters of the model depend on the molecular architecture of the polymer. Chain regularity determines supermolecular structure and thus the dependence of optical properties on nucleation.

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“…[16][17][18][19][20][21] Recently, an alternative class of efficient nucleating/ clarifying agents based on 1,3,5-benzenetrisamide chemistry was introduced. [22][23][24][25][26][27] Due to the very stable amide linkage, these compounds posses excellent thermal-and chemical stability and do not exhibit the above mentioned issues encountered with sorbitol acetal derivatives. Depending on their chemical structure, concentration and temperature, 1,3,5-benzenetrisamides are soluble in the poly(propylene) melt and selected few are able to efficiently nucleate and clarify i-PP.…”

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Structure–Efficiency Relations of 1,3,5‐Benzenetrisamides as Nucleating Agents and Clarifiers for Isotactic Poly(propylene)

Abraham

Ganzleben

Hanft

et al. 2010

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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This paper presents the synthesis and properties of 1,3,5‐benzenetrisamides with a particular focus on structure‐efficiency relationships of nucleation and optical property enhancement of isotactic poly(propylene) (i‐PP). A family of twenty 1,3,5‐benzenetrisamide derivatives was synthesized, in which the direction of the amide linkage between the core and the peripheral substituents, as well as their length (C‐3 to C‐6) and flexibility were systematically varied. Dissolution‐ and recrystallization temperatures of the additives in the polymer melt, the crystallization temperature of i‐PP, and the optical properties clarity and haze were determined in the additive concentration range from 200 to 2 500 ppm. Within the reported series of compounds, few exhibited very good nucleating and clarification abilities, only one with outstanding characteristics, whereas other, very closely related derivatives were found to be incapable to nucleate or clarify i‐PP, although, intriguingly, most are structural isomers. We conclude that it is the particular chemical structure of the additive that determines its crystallization/self‐assembly process, and, therewith, the structure of the heterogeneous nuclei, and at a higher hierarchical level the morphology of the poly(propylene) solid state and its final properties; and, hence, that a predictive understanding is still elusive.magnified image

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Phase behavior, nucleation and optical properties of the binary system isotactic polypropylene/N,N′,N″-tris-isopentyl-1,3,5-benzene-tricarboxamide

Cited by 78 publications

References 13 publications

Determination of Nucleus Density in Semicrystalline Polymers from Nonisothermal Crystallization Curves

Determination of Nucleus Density in Semicrystalline Polymers from Nonisothermal Crystallization Curves

Effect of the Molecular Structure of the Polymer and Nucleation on the Optical Properties of Polypropylene Homo- and Copolymers

Synthesis and Structure–Efficiency Relations of 1,3,5‐Benzenetrisamides as Nucleating Agents and Clarifiers for Isotactic Poly(propylene)

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