Phase Change Materials Application in Battery Thermal Management System: A Review

Abstract

The purpose of a battery thermal management system (BTMS) is to maintain the battery safety and efficient use as well as ensure the battery temperature is within the safe operating range. The traditional air-cooling-based BTMS not only needs extra power, but it could also not meet the demand of new lithium-ion battery (LIB) packs with high energy density, while liquid cooling BTMS requires complex devices to ensure the effect. Therefore, phase change materials (PCMs)-based BTMS is becoming the trend. By using PCMs to absorb heat, the temperature of a battery pack could be kept within the normal operating range for a long time without using any external power. PCMs could greatly improve the heat dissipation efficiency of BTMS by combining with fillers such as expanded graphite (EG) and metal foam for their high thermal conductivity or coordinating with fins. In addition, PCMs could also be applied in construction materials, solar thermal recovery, textiles and other fields. Herein, a comprehensive review of the PCMs applied in thermal storage devices, especially in BTMS, is provided. In this work, the literature concerning current issues have been reviewed and summarized, while the key challenges of PCM application have been pointed out. This review may bring new insights to the PCM application.

Energy Efficiency, Emissions, Tribological Challenges and Fluid Requirements of Electrified Passenger Car Vehicles

“…Such materials rely on the large latent heat of vaporization that occurs during a phase change (for example, when a wax melts to become a liquid). Further information on work in this area may be found in references [38][39][40].…”

Energy Efficiency, Emissions, Tribological Challenges and Fluid Requirements of Electrified Passenger Car Vehicles

“…Such materials rely on the large latent heat of vaporization that occurs during a phase change (for example, when a wax melts to become a liquid). Further information on work in this area may be found in references [33]- [35].…”

Co3O4 nanoparticle-dotted hierarchical-assembled carbon nanosheet framework catalysts with the formation/decomposition mechanisms of Li2O2 for smart lithium–oxygen batteries

“…Energy shortage and environmental problems have led to a positive search in energy consumption and conservation. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Among multitudinous types of storage and conversion technologies, rechargeable Li-O 2 batteries [21][22][23][24] (LOBs) are regarded as the potential candidates for energy storage owing to their ultra-high theoretical energy density reaching 3600 W h Kg −1 , originating from the process of oxygen being reduced to form lithium peroxide (2Li + O 2 ↔ Li 2 O 2 , 2.96 V vs. Li/Li + ), which is nearly ten times higher than commercialized lithium-ion batteries. [25][26][27] However, in comparison with an ideal reaction process, complex reaction mechanisms and possible by-products exist resulting in challenges [28][29][30] including inferior specific capacity, low round trip energy efficiency, poor cycle performance, which hinder its further development.…”