Phase change materials for battery thermal management of electric and hybrid vehicles: A review

Wazeer, Adil; Das, Apurba; Abeykoon, Chamil; Sinha, Arijit; Karmakar, Amit

doi:10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100131

Cited by 65 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…When the temperature decreases below the phase transition point, the stored energy is released and the PCMs return to their initial condition. 87,88 Recently, there have been many reports suggesting a combination system, which can pass over the barrier of each technique. For example, a hybrid battery management system of a heat pipe and air or liquid cooling certainly has superior thermal performance and can significantly reduce the temperature of the battery system.…”

Section: Thermal Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the temperature rises, PCMs capture and store energy first as noticeable heat and then as hidden energy after the temperature exceeds the phase transition point. When the temperature decreases below the phase transition point, the stored energy is released and the PCMs return to their initial condition. , …”

Section: Early Warning For Prediction Of Thermal Runawaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of the Thermal Runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries with Application in Electric Vehicles: Working Principles, Early Warning, and Future Outlooks

Le,

Vuong,

Natsuki

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Energy and environmental issues are more pressing than ever with the task of reducing carbon emissions and finding new fuel sources to replace fossil fuels. One of the directions that is in line with the requirements of the time is to develop electric cars using completely electrified batteries to replace gasoline. Considering their high energy density and lengthy cycle life, lithium-ion batteries are frequently utilized in electric cars. The personal and property safety of passengers is gravely threatened by the spontaneous combustion accidents of electric cars caused by the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, studies on early warning as well as solutions to overcome when a thermal runaway incident occurs have become increasingly important and urgent. The current study provides advancements in the thermal management, electrical management, and structural design of early warning battery thermal runaway applications in electric vehicles. This minireview aims to provide the most concise but complete information to provide an overview of the story of thermal runaway and development trends for early warning in the next decade.

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Section: Thermal Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Early Warning For Prediction Of Thermal Runawaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the Thermal Runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries with Application in Electric Vehicles: Working Principles, Early Warning, and Future Outlooks

Le,

Vuong,

Natsuki

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…Dalton Transactions potentially restricted by using hybrid cooling 123 or by phase change materials (PCMs). 124 A recent study proposed a hybrid method for a thermal management system using liquid cooling and PCM. 125 In this proposed method, the operating temperature of the battery is maintained by the latent heat of PCM.…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Decoding the puzzle: recent breakthroughs in understanding degradation mechanisms of Li-ion batteries

Singh,

Hassan,

Bathula

et al. 2023

Dalton Trans.

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“…Maintaining PCM containment integrity is crucial to prevent efficiency and battery cell damage issues. Regular inspections are vital for addressing and preventing PCM leaks in BTMS [9]. Additionally, Pure PCMs have low thermal conductivity, therefore thermal management systems on the basis of pure PCMs are limited [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of phase change materials in battery thermal management systems for electric vehicles: a review

Dolla,

Fetene

2024

Mater. Res. Express

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Taking advantage of electric vehicles' low pollution, the world is changing its face to electric vehicle (EV) production. As EVs rely heavily on specialized batteries, it's important to manage them safely and properly to prevent thermal runaway. High ambient temperatures and varied charging/discharging rates increases battery temperature. To address these challenges, Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) come into play. This work focuses on passive cooling in BTMS, which is one of two categories of BTMS, with the other being active cooling using liquid-air systems. Passive BTMS has gained prominence in research due to its cost-effectiveness, reliability, and energy efficiency, as it avoids the need for additional components like pumps/fans. This article specifically discusses recent experimental studies regarding phase change material (PCM)-based thermal management techniques for battery packs. It explores methods for enhancing thermal conductivity in PCMs and identifies methodologies for BTMS experiments using PCMs. Also recommends the importance of optimization techniques like machine learning, temperature sensors, and state-of-charge management, to ensure accuracy and uniform temperature distribution across the pack. While paraffin wax has been a popular choice in experimental studies for its capacity to absorb and release heat during phase transitions, as a matter of its low thermal conductivity (0.2 to 0.3 Wk-1m-1) limits reaction in rapid charging/discharging of batteries. So integration with highly thermally conductive additives is recommended. Additives such as heat pipes offer superior thermal conductivity compared to expanded graphite (5 to 200 Wk-1m-1). As a result, the integration of heat pipes further reduces the temperature of battery by 28.9% in addition to the reduction of 33.6% by pure PCMs in time of high charge/discharge rates (5C to 8C). So high-conductivity additives correlate directly with improved thermal performance and are essential for maintaining optimal battery temperatures and overall reliability in EV battery packs.

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Phase change materials for battery thermal management of electric and hybrid vehicles: A review

Cited by 65 publications

References 103 publications

Overview of the Thermal Runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries with Application in Electric Vehicles: Working Principles, Early Warning, and Future Outlooks

Overview of the Thermal Runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries with Application in Electric Vehicles: Working Principles, Early Warning, and Future Outlooks

Decoding the puzzle: recent breakthroughs in understanding degradation mechanisms of Li-ion batteries

Investigations of phase change materials in battery thermal management systems for electric vehicles: a review

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